{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T21:55:12Z","timestamp":1767650112870,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,3]],"date-time":"2017-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50\u2010AA022534"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50\u2010AA022534"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression and serine 9 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>) within the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DG<\/jats:styled-content>) in a preclinical mouse model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> is a multifunctional kinase that modulates many hippocampal processes affected by gestational alcohol, including synaptic plasticity and adult neurogenesis. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> is a constitutively active kinase that is negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the serine 9 residue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We utilized a well\u2010characterized limited access \u201cdrinking\u2010in\u2010the\u2010dark\u201d paradigm of prenatal alcohol exposure (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content>) and measured p(Ser9)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> within adult DG by Western blot analysis. In addition, we evaluated the expression pattern of both p(Ser9)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> and total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> within the adult hippocampal dentate of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> and control mice using high\u2010resolution confocal microscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings demonstrate a marked 2.0\u2010fold elevation of p(Ser9)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> mice, concomitant with a more moderate 36% increase in total <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>. This resulted in an approximate 63% increase in the p(Ser9)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> ratio. Immunostaining revealed robust <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> expression within <jats:italic>Cornu Ammonis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>) pyramidal neurons, hilar mossy cells, and a subset of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>ergic interneurons, with low levels of expression within hippocampal progenitors and dentate granule cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAE<\/jats:styled-content> may lead to a long\u2010term disruption of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GSK<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic> signaling within the DG, and implicate mossy cells, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GABA<\/jats:styled-content>ergic interneurons, and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content> primary neurons as major targets of this dysregulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,2]],"date-time":"2017-09-02T02:08:30Z","timestamp":1504318110000},"page":"1907-1916","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Leads to Enhanced Serine 9 Phosphorylation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase\u20103<i>\u03b2<\/i> (GSK\u20103<i>\u03b2<\/i>) in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Adult Mouse"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0294-5262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee Anna","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences (LAC, JN, LL, PT, AMA, CFV) University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Newville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences (LAC, JN, LL, PT, AMA, CFV) University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences (LAC, JN, LL, PT, AMA, CFV) University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences (LAC, JN, LL, PT, AMA, CFV) University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea M.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences (LAC, JN, LL, PT, AMA, CFV) University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Albuquerque NM"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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