{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:28:59Z","timestamp":1788622139534,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]],"date-time":"2017-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AA020516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AA020516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA016781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA016781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AA020332"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AA020332"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite known risks of prenatal nutritional deficiencies and studies documenting increased prevalence of poor dietary intake among nonpregnant alcohol abusers, the nutritional status of heavy drinking pregnant women remains largely unstudied. Animal models have found interactions between prenatal ethanol exposure and micronutrients, such as choline, folate, B12, and iron, and human studies have reported that lower maternal weight and body mass confer increased fetal alcohol\u2010related risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred and twenty\u2010three heavy drinking Cape Coloured pregnant women and 83 abstaining controls were recruited at their first antenatal clinic visit. At 3 prenatal study visits, each gravida was interviewed about alcohol, smoking, and drug use and weight, height, and arm skinfolds were measured. Dietary intakes of energy, protein, fat, and major micronutrients were assessed from three 24\u2010hour recall interviews.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of women gained less than the recommended 0.42\u00a0kg\/wk during pregnancy. Whereas methamphetamine use was associated with smaller biceps skinfolds, an indicator of body fat, alcohol consumption was not related to any anthropometric indicator. Alcohol was related to higher intake of phosphorus, choline, and vitamins B12 and D. Alcohol, cigarette, and methamphetamine use were related to lower vitamin C intake. Insufficient intake was reported by &gt;85% of women for 10 of 22 key nutrients, and &gt;50% for an additional 3 nutrients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol consumption during pregnancy was not associated with meaningful changes in diet or anthropometric measures in this population, suggesting that poor nutrition among drinkers does not confound the extensively reported effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on growth and neurobehavior. The poor gestational weight gain and high rates of insufficient intake for several nutrients in both the alcohol\u2010exposed and control groups are also of public health importance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,20]],"date-time":"2017-09-20T11:37:51Z","timestamp":1505907471000},"page":"2114-2127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Maternal Alcohol Use and Nutrition During Pregnancy: Diet and Anthropometry"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1554-6914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Colin","family":"Carter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Medical Center New York City New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjanne","family":"Senekal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil C.","family":"Dodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori J.","family":"Bechard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ernesta M.","family":"Meintjes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Molteno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Duggan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children's Hospital Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9768-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra W.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Michigan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31822c9906"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Nutritional Epidemiology","author":"Baranowski T","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0022-3476(03)00442-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0775"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2007-0151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"2007 Centers for Disease Control Atlanta CDC National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES): Anthropometry Procedures Manual"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1779-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","first-page":"962","article-title":"Alcohol consumption by pregnant women in the Western Cape","volume":"89","author":"Croxford J","year":"1999","journal-title":"South African Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2006.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)92029-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"649","article-title":"Reproducibility of plasma hormone levels in postmenopausal women over a 2\u20103\u2010year period","volume":"4","author":"Hankinson SE","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Prev Biomarkers"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2005801"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Four factor index of social status","volume":"8","author":"Hollingshead AB","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yale J Sociol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.227983"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","unstructured":"2006 National Academies Press Washington DC Institute of Medicine Dietary Reference Intakes"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2005.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.109.5.815"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00585.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Zinc nutrition in fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Keppen LD","year":"1990","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh089"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.001420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4102\/curationis.v28i4.1012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01166.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(97)00110-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Alcohol and Nutrition","author":"Lieber CS","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12961"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003152"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1355621031000117437"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2009.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8062331"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","first-page":"15","article-title":"Maternal risk factors for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders","volume":"34","author":"May PA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.037093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2015.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65010373.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(83)90192-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7078.2010.00031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Food Insecurity and Hunger in the United States: An Assessment of the Measure","author":"National Research Council","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Growth and weight status in treatment\u2010na\u00efve 12\u201016\u00a0year old adolescents with alcohol use disorders in Cape Town","volume":"10","author":"Naude CE","year":"2011","journal-title":"S Africa Nutr J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0029-7844(94)00364-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01784.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Nutrient Regulation During Pregnancy, Lactation, and Infant Growth","author":"Prentice AM","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700122012814"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","unstructured":"2009 National Academies Press Washington DC KM Rasmussen AL Yaktine Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/111.11.2034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2004.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22620"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2009.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","unstructured":"2016 USDA Washington DC US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Nutrient Data Laboratory USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference in Series USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02397.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(90)90020-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00208.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","first-page":"260","volume-title":"Nutritional Epidemiology","author":"Willett WC","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","first-page":"34","volume-title":"Nutritional Epidemiology","author":"Willett WC","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114507812074"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.2008.26811D"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Facer.13504","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.13504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T15:00:23Z","timestamp":1695481223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.13504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.13504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.13504","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,31]]}}}