{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T11:48:41Z","timestamp":1759837721259,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA09022","AA011998","AA017688","AA017915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA09022","AA011998","AA017688","AA017915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD049024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD049024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Few studies examine risk to offspring who experience both parental alcohol problems and parental separation and still fewer consider gender of the affected parent. We examined interactive effects of maternal versus paternal alcohol problems and parental separation on timing of first alcoholic drink in daughters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were drawn from a sample of 3,539 European (or other) ancestry (EA) and 611 African ancestry (AA) female twins born between 1975 and 1985, median age 15 at first assessment. Cox proportional hazards regression models were estimated predicting age at first full drink from parental history of alcohol problems (mother only, father only, or both parents), parental separation during childhood, and the interaction of parental alcohol problems and parental separation. Cox models were estimated without and with adjustment for correlated risk factors, separately for EA and AA twins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For both EA and AA twins, a significant interaction between parental separation and mother\u2010only alcohol problems was observed, suggesting reduced risk of drinking associated with mother\u2010only alcohol problems in separated versus intact families.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings highlight parental separation as an important moderator of risk to children of mothers who have a history of problem drinking, with interactive effects observed consistently across racial group. To identify underlying processes, additional research is needed with more detailed characterization of separated families where mother only has a history of alcohol problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:12:45Z","timestamp":1508803965000},"page":"120-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Interactive Effects of Maternal Alcohol Problems and Parental Separation on Timing of Daughter's First Drink"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7486-5897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary","family":"Waldron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling &amp; Educational Psychology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana"},{"name":"Midwest Alcoholism Research Center and Family Research Center Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole K.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Counseling &amp; Educational Psychology Indiana University Bloomington Indiana"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3794-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen K.","family":"Bucholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwest Alcoholism Research Center and Family Research Center Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela A. 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