{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T09:42:18Z","timestamp":1784799738743,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,28]],"date-time":"2017-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OPP 1017641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPP 1017641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001322","name":"South African Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cohort studies have noted associations between hazardous alcohol use during pregnancy and infant growth outcomes, but many have not controlled for potential psychosocial confounders. To assess the unique contribution of hazardous alcohol use, we examined its effect on infant growth outcomes while controlling for maternal psychosocial stressors and hazardous tobacco and drug use in a cohort of 986 pregnant South African women enrolled into the Drakenstein Child Health Study between 2012 and 2015.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on psychosocial stressors and maternal risk behaviors were collected between 28 and 32\u00a0weeks of gestation. Participants were categorized as hazardous alcohol users if they obtained moderate or high scores (&gt;10) on the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test at this assessment or retrospectively reported drinking at least 2 drinks weekly during any trimester of pregnancy. Infant growth outcomes were recorded at delivery. Multivariable regression models examined correlates of hazardous alcohol use and associations between hazardous alcohol use and birth outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 13% of mothers reported hazardous alcohol use. Recent exposure to intimate partner violence (adjusted odds ratio (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>)\u00a0=\u00a02.08; 95% confidence interval (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>): 1.37, 3.18) and hazardous tobacco use (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">aOR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a05.03; 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 2.97, 8.52) were significant correlates of hazardous alcohol use. After controlling for potential psychosocial confounders, hazardous alcohol use remained associated with lower infant weight\u2010for\u2010age (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.35, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22120.56, \u22120.14), height\u2010for\u2010age (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.46, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22120.76, \u22120.17), and head\u2010circumference\u2010for\u2010age <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores (<jats:italic>B<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.43, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>: \u22120.69, \u22120.17).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interventions to reduce hazardous alcohol use among pregnant women in South Africa are needed to prevent alcohol\u2010related infant growth restrictions. As these growth deficits may lead to neurodevelopmental consequences, it is critical to identify alcohol\u2010related growth restrictions at birth and link exposed infants to early interventions for neurodevelopment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,2]],"date-time":"2017-12-02T06:48:34Z","timestamp":1512197314000},"page":"369-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Effect of Hazardous Alcohol Use During Pregnancy on Growth Outcomes at Birth: Findings from a South African Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0235-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bronwyn","family":"Myers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Research Unit South African Medical Research Council Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health University of Cape Town Cape Town South 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Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"Workman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney","family":"Barnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"South African Medical Research Council Unit on Child and Adolescent Health Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital University of Cape Town Cape Town South 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