{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T08:27:54Z","timestamp":1773476874910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21628701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21628701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16ZR1430100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16ZR1430100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"Background<\/jats:title>There are limited studies on the effects of paternal alcohol consumption, before conception, on the reproductive development of offspring. Anogenital distance (AGD<\/jats:styled-content>), the distance from the center of the anus to the genitals, is a sensitive biomarker of reproductive hormone abnormalities during the critical developmental window. The relationship between paternal alcohol consumption and AGD<\/jats:styled-content> of human offspring has not been studied yet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>This cohort study included 1,292 pregnant women recruited in Shanghai. An in\u2010person interview was conducted to collect information on demographic characteristics of couples, and husbands\u2019 lifestyles, including drinking habits. AGD<\/jats:styled-content> (boys, AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AP<\/jats:styled-content> [anus\u2010penis], AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AS<\/jats:styled-content> [anus\u2010scrotum]; girls, AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AC<\/jats:styled-content> [anus\u2010clitoris], AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AF<\/jats:styled-content> [anus\u2010fourchette]) measurements were performed at birth, and at 6 and 12\u00a0months of age. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between paternal alcohol consumption before conception, and the AGD<\/jats:styled-content>s of offspring.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>Data included AGD<\/jats:styled-content> measurements of infants at birth (N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0980), at 6\u00a0months (N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0592, 60.4%), and at 12\u00a0months (N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0543, 55.4%). Boys in the paternal alcohol\u2010exposed group had shorter AGD<\/jats:styled-content>s, irrespective of the areas measured (AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AP<\/jats:styled-content> and AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AS<\/jats:styled-content>) and time of measurements, than those in the unexposed group. However, only the differences in AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AP<\/jats:styled-content> at birth and AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AS<\/jats:styled-content> at 6\u00a0months were statistically significant. For girls, the associations were similar at birth; however, the AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AC<\/jats:styled-content> and AGD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AF<\/jats:styled-content> were longer in the paternal alcohol\u2010exposed group than the unexposed group at 12\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Our findings provide first, but preliminary evidence, that paternal alcohol consumption within 3\u00a0months before conception may be associated with shorter AGD<\/jats:styled-content> in the offspring, especially in boys, which indicates that paternal alcohol drinking may have an adverse effect on their reproductive development. Further studies should be conducted to validate these results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,10]],"date-time":"2018-01-10T04:21:00Z","timestamp":1515558060000},"page":"735-742","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Association Between Paternal Alcohol Consumption Before Conception and Anogenital Distance of Offspring"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Ruilan","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Reproduction Regulation of NPFPC SIPPR IRD Fudan University Shanghai China"},{"name":"School of Public Health Fudan University Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longmei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Minhang Maternal and Child Health Hospital Shanghai 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