{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:49:27Z","timestamp":1790142567971,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,9]],"date-time":"2018-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA13023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA13023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>) often have deficits associated with multisensory processing. Because ethanol (Et<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>) disrupts activity\u2010dependent neuronal plasticity, a process that is essential for refining connections during cortical development, we hypothesize that early alcohol exposure results in alterations in multisensory cortical networks, which could explain the multisensory processing deficits seen in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>. Here, we use a gyrencephalic animal model to test the prediction that early alcohol exposure alters the functional connectivity and microstructural features of the rostral posterior parietal cortex (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>r), a visual\u2010tactile integrative area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ferrets were exposed to moderate doses of Et<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> during the brain growth spurt period. Functional connectivity and microstructural features were assessed using resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging and ex\u00a0vivo diffusion kurtosis imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DKI<\/jats:styled-content>), respectively, when the animals reached juvenile age and adulthood, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the whole brain volume was smaller in alcohol\u2010treated animals, the relative size of the frontal brain area was larger when compared to control animals. Altered functional connectivity was observed in alcohol\u2010treated animals, where increased connectivity was observed between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PP<\/jats:styled-content>r and the region that provides its major visual inputs (the caudal portion of the parietal cortex), but not with the region that provides its major somatosensory inputs (tertiary somatosensory cortex). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DKI<\/jats:styled-content> revealed reduced microstructural tissue complexity in all investigated sensory areas of alcohol\u2010treated animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we observed alterations in cortical functional connectivity and microstructural integrity in a cortical area involved in multisensory processing in a ferret <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content> model. These findings indicate an alteration in cortical networks that may be related to the multisensory processing deficiencies observed in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FASD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T19:43:13Z","timestamp":1518550993000},"page":"727-734","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of Early Alcohol Exposure on Functional Organization and Microstructure of a Visual\u2010Tactile Integrative Circuit"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine  University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"},{"name":"Core for Translational Research in Imaging at Maryland (C\u2010TRIM)  University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore 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