{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:11:16Z","timestamp":1778314276019,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,13]],"date-time":"2018-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1520899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DA 037974"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DA 037974"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010DA\u201012690"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010DA\u201012690"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43\u2010TW009087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43\u2010TW009087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use (both quantity and dependence) is moderately heritable, and genomewide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk genes in European, African, and Asian populations. The most reproducibly identified risk genes affect alcohol metabolism. Well\u2010known functional variants at the gene encoding alcohol dehydrogenase B and other alcohol dehydrogenases affect risk in European and African ancestry populations. Similarly, variants mapped to these same genes and a well\u2010known null variant that maps to the gene that encodes aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (<jats:italic>ALDH2<\/jats:italic>) also affect risk in various Asian populations. In this study, we completed the first GWAS for 3 traits related to alcohol use in a Thai population recruited initially for studies of methamphetamine dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>All subjects were evaluated with the Thai version of the Semi\u2010Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA). A total of 1,045 subjects were available for analysis. Three traits were analyzed: flushing, maximum number of alcoholic beverages consumed in any lifetime 24\u2010hour period (\u201cMAXDRINKS\u201d), and DSM\u2010IV alcohol dependence criterion count. We also conducted a pleiotropy analysis with major depression, the only other psychiatric trait where summary statistics from a large\u2010scale Asian\u2010population GWAS are available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All 3 traits showed genomewide significant association with variants near <jats:italic>ALDH2<\/jats:italic>, with significance ranging from 2.01\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u221214<\/jats:sup> (for flushing; lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) <jats:italic>PTPN11*<\/jats:italic> rs143894582) to <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>meta<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a05.80\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup> (for alcohol dependence criterion count; lead SNP rs149212747). These lead SNPs flank rs671 and span a region of over a megabase, illustrating the need for prior biological information in identifying the actual effect SNP, rs671. We also identified significant pleiotropy between major depression and flushing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results are consistent with prior findings in Asian populations and add new information regarding alcohol use\u2010depression pleiotropy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,21]],"date-time":"2018-02-21T19:20:21Z","timestamp":1519240821000},"page":"861-868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Genomewide Association Study of Alcohol Dependence and Related Traits in a Thai Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Joel","family":"Gelernter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry  Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry  VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience  Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry  Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry  VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaira Z.","family":"Nu\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry  Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry  VA Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Apiwat","family":"Mutirangura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy  Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert 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