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Central and peripheral interactions between ghrelin and other hormones, including the stress\u2010response hormone cortisol, govern complex behavioral responses to external cues and internal states. By acting at ventral tegmental area dopaminergic projections and other areas involved in reward processing, ghrelin can induce both general and directed motivation for rewards, including craving for alcohol and other alcohol\u2010seeking behaviors. Stress\u2010induced increases in cortisol seem to increase ghrelin in the periphery, suggesting a pathway by which ghrelin influences how stressful life events trigger motivation for rewards. However, in some states, ghrelin may be protective against the anxiogenic effects of stressors. This critical review brings together a dynamic and growing literature, that is, at times inconsistent, on the relationships between ghrelin, central reward\u2010motivation pathways, and central and peripheral stress responses, with a special focus on its emerging role in the context of alcohol use disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,24]],"date-time":"2018-05-24T13:16:00Z","timestamp":1527167760000},"page":"1378-1389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Stress, Motivation, and the Gut\u2013Brain Axis: A Focus on the Ghrelin System and Alcohol Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Laurel S.","family":"Morris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Cambridge 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