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The presence of internalizing (e.g., anxiety, mood disorders) and externalizing (e.g., oppositional defiant and conduct disorders) behavior problems has devastating and often long\u2010lasting impacts on children, adolescents, and their families. The present meta\u2010analysis explored the strength of the association between PAE and behavior problems, as well as factors that increase or mitigate risk. The current meta\u2010analysis included 65 studies comparing children and adolescents with PAE to non\u2010 or light\u2010exposed controls and attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) samples, on a variety of internalizing and externalizing behavior outcomes. Results indicated that individuals with PAE are at increased risk for internalizing (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.71, medium effect) and externalizing (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.90, large effect) problems compared to control samples. The occurrence of total behavior problems was similar to that seen in ADHD samples. The strength of the association between internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and PAE was significantly moderated by several distinct sample characteristics, such as sample age, socioeconomic status, severity of exposure, and type of behavior problem. These findings further our understanding of the behavior problems experienced by children and adolescents with PAE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,31]],"date-time":"2018-05-31T16:52:35Z","timestamp":1527785555000},"page":"1358-1377","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Risk for Childhood Internalizing and Externalizing Behavior Problems in the Context of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: A Meta\u2010Analysis and Comprehensive Examination of Moderators"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6703-4198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer E.","family":"Khoury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ryerson University Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany","family":"Jamieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ryerson University Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Milligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Ryerson University Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"AchenbachTM(2009)Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): Development Findings Theory and Applications. 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