{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:20:59Z","timestamp":1792005659655,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]],"date-time":"2018-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006686","name":"University of Miami","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use disorder is characterized by compulsive alcohol intake, or drinking despite negative consequences. Previous studies have shown that female rodents have a heightened vulnerability to drug use across different stages of the addictive cycle, but no previous studies have studied females in a model of aversion\u2010resistant alcohol intake. Here, we investigated sex differences in binge\u2010like and aversion\u2010resistant alcohol drinking in C57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6J mice using a modified drinking\u2010in\u2010the\u2010dark (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content>) paradigm.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Experiment 1, 24\u2010hour aversion to quinine (0, 100, or 250\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) was assessed. In Experiment 2, male and female adult C57<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BL<\/jats:styled-content>\/6J mice consumed 15% ethanol (Et<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content>) or water in a 2\u2010bottle limited\u2010access <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DID<\/jats:styled-content> paradigm for 2\u00a0h\/d for 15\u00a0days. The Et<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> was next adulterated with quinine (0,\u00a0100, or 250\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) over 3 consecutive drinking sessions to test aversion\u2010resistant intake. In Experiment 3, intake of quinine\u2010adulterated (100\u00a0<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>M) Et<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed across all 15 drinking sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quinine was equally aversive to both sexes in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, female mice consumed significantly more alcohol than male mice during the final 6 drinking sessions. Levels of aversion\u2010resistant intake did not differ between the sexes. In Experiment 3, quinine suppressed consumption in all mice, though females drank significantly more on the final 2 sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this study demonstrate that while female mice escalate and consume more Et<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OH<\/jats:styled-content> than males, both sexes exhibit similar levels of aversion\u2010resistant drinking. These results inform our understanding of how sex interacts with vulnerability for addiction and argue for the inclusion of females in more studies of aversion\u2010resistant alcohol drinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13923","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T22:48:04Z","timestamp":1542322084000},"page":"243-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":166,"title":["Sex Differences in Binge\u2010Like and Aversion\u2010Resistant Alcohol Drinking in C57<scp>BL<\/scp>\/6J Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Sneddon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology  Miami University Oxford Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology  Miami University Oxford 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