{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:42:58Z","timestamp":1787013778803,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004179","name":"Ningxia Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004179","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Alcoholic liver disease (\n ALD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) represents a chronic liver disorder caused by alcohol abuse. Numerous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a critical role in\n ALD<\/jats:styled-content>\n pathogenesis. Application of prebiotic, probiotic, and dietary supplementation to the modulation of gut microbiota contributes to a novel approach to the management of\n ALD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Inulin, a natural prebiotic found in plants, can restore gut dysbiosis in\n ALD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . However, the exact mechanism of dietary inulin in\n ALD<\/jats:styled-content>\n remains largely unknown.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Sixty female C57\n BL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: pair\u2010fed (\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) group (\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CON<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); alcohol\u2010fed (\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) group (\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CON<\/jats:styled-content>\n );\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n with inulin (\n INU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) group (\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n INU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); and\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n with\n INU<\/jats:styled-content>\n group (\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n INU<\/jats:styled-content>\n ). All mice were fed with isocaloric modified Lieber\u2010DeCarli liquid diets with or without alcohol.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n After 6\u00a0weeks of feeding, mice were euthanized and associated indications were investigated. The results showed that chronic ethanol (EtOH) intake led to the loss of body weights, abnormal levels of transaminases, and inflammatory indicators (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], interleukin [IL]\u20106,\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201010, tumor necrosis factor\u2010\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n IL<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u201017A), while inulin administration ameliorated these effects. To further understand the underlying mechanism, we investigated macrophages (M\n \u03c8<\/jats:italic>\n s) and gut microbiota in diverse groups. The number of M\n \u03c8<\/jats:italic>\n s was reduced after dietary inulin treatment in chronic EtOH exposure. Hepatic Toll\u2010like receptor 4 (TLR4\n +<\/jats:sup>\n ) M\n \u03c8<\/jats:italic>\n s in\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n INU<\/jats:styled-content>\n group were lower than\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n CON<\/jats:styled-content>\n group. 16S\n rRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n sequencing and analysis of gut microbiota indicated the reduction of\n Allobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Lactobacillus,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Lactococcus<\/jats:italic>\n , as well as the increase of\n Parasutterella<\/jats:italic>\n in\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n group compared with\n PF<\/jats:styled-content>\n control. Increased\n Allobaculum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Lactobacillus,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Lactococcus<\/jats:italic>\n but reduced\n Parasutterella<\/jats:italic>\n in\n AF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \/\n INU<\/jats:styled-content>\n group were confirmed that dietary inulin rectified gut dysbiosis to attenuate\n ALD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Dietary inulin ameliorates\n ALD<\/jats:styled-content>\n via suppressing\n LPS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n TLR<\/jats:styled-content>\n 4\u2010M\n \u03c8<\/jats:italic>\n axis and modulating gut microbiota in mice, thus potentially provides theoretical foundation for inulin intervention in the prevention and treatment of\n ALD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13950","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,27]],"date-time":"2018-12-27T11:57:51Z","timestamp":1545911871000},"page":"411-424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Inulin Ameliorates Alcoholic Liver Disease via Suppressing\n LPS<\/scp>\n \u2010\n TLR<\/scp>\n 4\u2010M\n \u03c8<\/i>\n Axis and Modulating Gut Microbiota in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medical College Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia China"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan Ningxia China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University Yinchuan 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