{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T13:10:22Z","timestamp":1784639422791,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA020829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA020829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 AA016304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 AA016304"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol\u2010induced blackouts, a form of anterograde amnesia that restricts the encoding of short\u2010term memories into long\u2010term ones, are among the most severe alcohol\u2010related consequences. College students are at high risk of experiencing alcohol\u2010induced blackouts, and there is a need to determine whether alcohol interventions can effectively reduce blackouts in this population. The current study uses data from 3 randomized clinical trials to examine the effect of various intervention approaches on alcohol\u2010induced blackouts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four interventions were compared over 3 studies: (i) a computerized feedback intervention (electronic Check\u2010Up To Go [e\u2010Chug]; Study 1); (ii) a single\u2010session brief motivational intervention (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>; Study 1); (iii) a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> plus behavioral economic session focused on increasing substance\u2010free activities (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0Substance\u2010Free Activity Session [SFAS]; Studies 2 and 3); and (iv) a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> plus supplemental Relaxation Training session (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0Relaxation Training; Studies 2 and 3). Studies 1 and 3 also included an assessment\u2010only control condition. For each study, participants reported whether they had experienced an alcohol\u2010induced blackout at each time point; binary logistic regressions examined differential likelihood of experiencing an alcohol\u2010induced blackout over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neither the single\u2010session <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> nor e\u2010Chug reduced alcohol\u2010induced blackouts over assessment only; however, participants in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SFAS<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0Relaxation Training condition were significantly less likely to experience an alcohol\u2010induced blackout compared to assessment only at 1\u2010month (Wald\u00a0=\u00a04.77, odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a00.53, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.03) and 6\u2010month follow\u2010ups (Wald\u00a0=\u00a05.72, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.52, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02). Study 2 also revealed a larger effect for the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SFAS<\/jats:styled-content> over the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0+\u00a0Relaxation Training condition at 6\u00a0months (Wald\u00a0=\u00a04.11 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>\u00a0=\u00a00.22, <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.043), although this was not replicated in Study 3. The effects for the 2\u2010session <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content>s lasted 6\u00a0months, at which point maturation effects diminished differences between assessment\u2010only and intervention conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two sessions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BMI<\/jats:styled-content> are a substantial enough dose to result in reductions in alcohol\u2010induced blackouts among college student heavy drinkers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T03:28:25Z","timestamp":1555039705000},"page":"988-996","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Brief Motivational Interventions Are Associated with Reductions in Alcohol\u2010Induced Blackouts Among Heavy Drinking College Students"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1934-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel F.","family":"Acuff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology  University of Memphis Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew T.","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology  University of Memphis Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley A.","family":"Dennhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology  University of Memphis Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Borsari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Service (116B) San Francisco VA Health Care System  San Francisco California"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry  University of California \u2013 San Francisco San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology  University of Missouri Columbia Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James G.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology  University of Memphis Memphis Tennessee"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"American College Health Association\u2010National College Health Assessment II: Reference Group Executive Summary Spring 2015","author":"American College Health Association","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"218","volume-title":"College Student Alcohol Abuse: A Guide to Assessment, Intervention, and Prevention","author":"Carey KB","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02691.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12714"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4603(84)90006-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6112783"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00695.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13637"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2018.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031174"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13850"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"2012 Guilford Press New York NY WR Miller S Rollnick Motivational Interviewing: Helping People Change"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2010.1140"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2011.031724"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2016.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","article-title":"Randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of a brief alcohol intervention supplemented with a substance\u2010free activity session or relaxation training.","author":"Murphy JG","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021347"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)(2015)CollegeAIM matrix. Available at:https:\/\/www.collegedrinkingprevention.gov\/CollegeAIM\/Resources\/NIAAA_College_Matrix_Booklet.pdf. Accessed November 1 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"790","article-title":"Association between alcohol intoxication and alcohol\u2010related problems: an event\u2010level analysis","volume":"6","author":"Neal DJ","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2006.67.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12601"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12346"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","unstructured":"2013 Pearson Boston MA BG Tabachnick LS Fidell Using Multivariate Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.700"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2018.79.710"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13051"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"The burden of alcohol use: excessive alcohol consumption and related consequences among college students","volume":"35","author":"White AM","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol Res"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14019","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.14019","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T11:35:45Z","timestamp":1694000145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.14019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.14019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.14019","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-03-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}