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We aimed to determine if social desirability impacts self\u2010reported alcohol use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 751 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected patients from a clinic in southwestern Uganda, we measured social desirability using the Marlowe\u2013Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS) Short Form C, self\u2010reported alcohol use (prior 3\u00a0months) Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test\u2014Consumption (AUDIT\u2010C), and phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a biomarker of prior 3\u00a0weeks\u2019 drinking. We conducted multiple regression analyses to assess the relationship between SDS score (low, medium, and high levels) and (i) any self\u2010reported recent alcohol use, among those who were PEth\u2010positive (\u22658\u00a0ng\/ml), and (ii) continuous AUDIT\u2010C score, among those reporting any recent alcohol use. We controlled for PEth level, age, gender, education, economic assets, marital status, religion, spirituality\/religiosity, social support, and study cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 751 participants, 59% were women; the median age was 31\u00a0years (interquartile range [IQR]: 26 to 39). Median SDS score was 9 (IQR: 4 to 10). Two\u2010thirds (62%) self\u2010reported any recent alcohol use; median AUDIT\u2010C was 1 (IQR: 0 to 4). Among those who were PEth\u2010positive (57%), 13% reported no recent alcohol use. Those with the highest SDS tertile had decreased odds of reporting any recent alcohol use compared to the lowest tertile, but the association did not reach statistical significance in multivariable analyses (adjusted odds ratio 0.55 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25, 1.23]). Among participants self\u2010reporting recent alcohol use, SDS level was negatively associated with AUDIT\u2010C scores (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      : \u22120.70 [95% CI: \u22121.19, \u22120.21] for medium vs. low SDS and \u22121.42 [95% CI: \u22122.05, \u22120.78] for high vs. low SDS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While use of objective measures (e.g., alcohol biomarkers) is desirable for measuring alcohol use, SDS scores may be used to adjust self\u2010reported drinking levels by participants\u2019 level of social desirability in HIV research studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  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