{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:22:58Z","timestamp":1769631778062,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009711","name":"EMDR Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of addiction\u2010focused eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (AF\u2010EMDR) treatment, as an add\u2010on intervention to treatment as usual (TAU).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult outpatients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0109) who already received or had just started with TAU (Community Reinforcement Approach) were recruited at 6 outpatient addiction care facilities. They were randomly assigned to either TAU\u00a0+\u00a07 weekly 90\u2010minute sessions of AF\u2010EMDR (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a055) or TAU\u2010only (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a054). Assessments were made at baseline, after AF\u2010EMDR therapy (+ 8\u00a0weeks in the TAU\u2010only group), and at 1\u2010 and 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. The primary outcomes were changes in drinking behavior as reported by the participant and biomarker indices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were analyzed as intent\u2010to\u2010treat with linear mixed models. Additionally, sensitivity analyses were performed. No group or interaction effects were found for any of the outcome variables. Only limited change over time was seen with regard to indices of personal and societal recovery and in some secondary indices of clinical recovery (craving, desire thinking, and rumination). Reliable Change Index calculations showed that more TAU\u2010only participants showed clinical improvement with regard to alcohol consumption while a somewhat higher proportion of participants in the TAU\u00a0+\u00a0AF\u2010EMDR group experienced less craving. The acceptability, safety, and feasibility of the treatments received in both groups were comparable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no add\u2010on effect of AF\u2010EMDR on TAU with regard to drinking behavior in outpatients with an AUD. Possible explanations are discussed. Future studies should first establish proof of principle regarding the potential of AF\u2010EMDR therapy to disrupt operant learning and habits relevant in addiction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T02:43:52Z","timestamp":1574477032000},"page":"272-283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Addiction\u2010Focused Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy as an Adjunct to Regular Outpatient Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder: Results From a Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3857-0303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wiebren","family":"Markus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IrisZorg Institute for Addiction Care and Sheltered Housing Arnhem The Netherlands"},{"name":"Nijmegen Institute for Scientist\u2010Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA) Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands"},{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hellen K.","family":"Hornsveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hornsveld Psychologen Praktijk Utrecht The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Burk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerdien H.","family":"de Weert \u2013 van Oene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novadic-Kentron Center for Addiction Treatment Vught The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eni S.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelis A.J.","family":"DeJong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nijmegen Institute for Scientist\u2010Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA) Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.132"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Dutch version of the Readiness to Change Questionnaire","volume":"37","author":"Defuentes\u2010Merillas L","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796011000369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ebmh.1.3.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.1.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04349.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"2001 Center for Substance Abuse Treatment Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration Rockville MD SH Godley RJ Meyers JE Smith T Karvinen JC Titus MD Godley G Dent L Passetti P Kelberg Cannabis youth treatment series volume 4: The adolescent community reinforcement approach (DHHS Publication No. (SMA) 01\u20133489)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.2.3.170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"459","volume-title":"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Special Populations","author":"Knipe J","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2016.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"L\u00fcdeckeD(2019).sjstats: statistical functions for regression models (Version 0.17.3). Available from:https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=sjstats. Accessed March 7 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2016.1146709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0431-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2016.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/1933-3196.11.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"The community reinforcement approach: an update of the evidence","volume":"33","author":"Meyers RJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"1995 Guildford Press New York NY RJ Meyers JE Smith Clinical Guide to Alcohol Treatment: The Community Reinforcement Approach"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2013.00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","volume-title":"Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research\u2010Based Guide","author":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.08.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1433-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Scripted Protocols: Special Populations","author":"Popky AJ","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890109002087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02720.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","unstructured":"2011 B\u00eata Boeken Nijmegen GM Schippers TG Broekman A Buchholz MATE 2.1. Manual and Protocol. English Edition: Cox WM"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","unstructured":"2018 Guilford Press New York F Shapiro Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Basic Principles Protocols and Procedures"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"The MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan DV","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0224-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-0357-5_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.12.1624"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization(2018)Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Available from:http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/274603\/9789241565639-eng.pdf?ua=1. Accessed February 7 2019."}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14249","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.14249","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,8]],"date-time":"2023-09-08T04:43:29Z","timestamp":1694148209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.14249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.14249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.14249","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}