{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:02:12Z","timestamp":1780318932089,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P60\u2010AA006282"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P60\u2010AA006282"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1\u2010AA020063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1\u2010AA020063"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among American Indians\/Alaskan Natives (AI\/ANs), suicides are disproportionately high among those younger than 40\u00a0years of age. This paper examines suicide and alcohol intoxication (postmortem BAC\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.08\u00a0g\/dl) by age among Whites and AI\/ANs to better understand the reasons for the high rate of suicide among AI\/ANs for those younger than 40.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data come from the restricted 2003 to 2016 National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), with postmortem information on 79,150 White and AI\/AN suicide decedents of both genders who had a BAC test in 32 states of the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among Whites, 39.3% of decedents legally intoxicated are younger than 40\u00a0years of age, while among AI\/ANs the proportion is 72.9% (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Multivariable logistic regression with data divided by age shows that in the 18 to 39 age group, AI\/ANs are about 2 times more likely than Whites to have a postmortem BAC\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.08. Veteran status compared to nonveteran, and history of alcohol problems prior to suicide were also associated with BAC\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.08. Suicide methods other than by firearm and a report of the presence of 2 or more suicide precipitating circumstances were protective against BAC\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.08. Results for the age group 40\u00a0years of age and older mirror those for the younger group with 1 exception: Race\/ethnicity was not associated with BAC level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The proportion of suicide decedents with a BAC\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.08 is higher among AI\/ANs than Whites, especially among those 18 to 39\u00a0years of age. However, acute alcohol intoxication does not fully explain differences in suicide age structure between AI\/ANs and Whites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,29]],"date-time":"2019-11-29T05:25:06Z","timestamp":1575005106000},"page":"492-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Suicide, Alcohol Intoxication, and Age Among Whites and American Indians\/Alaskan Natives"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5036-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul","family":"Caetano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Center Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark S.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luskin School of Public Affairs University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6612-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Kerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group Emeryville California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bentson H.","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Oregon Health &amp; 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