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This study addressed the consequences of chronic alcohol drinking on cognitive and sensory\u2010motor domains of behavioral flexibility in rhesus monkeys.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Behavioral flexibility was assessed in 12 monkeys (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09, ethanol [EtOH] drinkers) with a set\u2010shifting visual discrimination procedure before alcohol self\u2010administration and while maintaining consumption of 1.5\u00a0g\/kg\/d EtOH. Task performance was assessed in the morning after ~18\u00a0hours of drinking 1.5\u00a0g\/kg, and 1\u00a0hour before the next day's drinking session began. The first 10 set\u2010shifting sessions had the original (preethanol) test parameters and were used to determine retention of preethanol performance. Then, an effect of sensory\u2010motor challenge (60% reduction in the size of the discriminative stimuli) on performance was assessed during 10 additional sessions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no average group\u2010dependent differences in the performance between control and EtOH groups at the preethanol time\u2010point. The daily consumption of 1.5\u00a0g\/kg\/d produced binge alcohol intakes in 7 of 9 monkeys (blood EtOH concentration [BEC\u00a0\u2265\u00a080\u00a0mg\/dl]). Chronic daily intakes of 1.5\u00a0g\/kg had no effect on retention of the task in the sober state. However, when challenged with a reduction in the size of the stimuli, daily 1.5\u00a0g\/kg EtOH resulted in a decrement in performance due to an increase in the number of errors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rhesus monkeys consuming 1.5\u00a0g\/kg alcohol daily perform equally as could as control monkeys in retention of a well\u2010learned cognitive task. However, this pattern of daily alcohol intake robustly decreased the ability to flexibly adjust behavior when confronted with novel changes to perceptual stimuli.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T03:20:16Z","timestamp":1580095216000},"page":"729-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Behavioral Flexibility in Alcohol\u2010Drinking Monkeys: The Morning After"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7872-7408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana A.","family":"Shnitko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Neuroscience Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) Oregon Health &amp; Science University Beaverton Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W.","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Neuroscience Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) Oregon Health &amp; Science University Beaverton Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natali","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Neuroscience Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) Oregon Health &amp; Science University Beaverton Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0380-7219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Neuroscience Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC) Oregon Health &amp; Science University Beaverton Oregon"},{"name":"Department of Behavioral Neuroscience Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12547"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13327"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2015_5002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2017.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1966.9-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00765.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03198388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(88)90012-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-94593-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00953"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-016-0089-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","author":"National Research Council (US) Committee","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"NIAAA(2004)NIAAA Council Approves Definition of Binge Drinking. 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