{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:38:08Z","timestamp":1790980688865,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN275201000011C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN275201000011C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Initial evidence that <jats:italic>OPRM1<\/jats:italic> genotype moderates the clinical response to naltrexone has not been replicated in prospective clinical trials. However, the use of traditional statistical analyses and clinical endpoints might limit sensitivity for studying pharmacogenetic associations, whereas the use of intensive daily assessments and person\u2010centered analytic methods might increase sensitivity. This study leveraged person\u2010centered analyses and daily measures of alcohol use, craving, and medication adherence to investigate <jats:italic>OPRM1<\/jats:italic> as a moderator of changes in clinical outcomes during naltrexone treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment\u2010seeking participants with alcohol use disorder (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a058; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a038\u00a0years; 71% male) provided daily cell phone reports of craving and consumption while taking naltrexone as part of a mobile health trial. Daily medication adherence was measured remotely using electronic pill cap recordings. Multilevel modeling and multilevel structural equation modeling analyses evaluated the hypotheses that <jats:italic>OPRM1<\/jats:italic> genotype would moderate prospective reductions in daily alcohol use and craving, and would also moderate within\u2010person associations of daily adherence with same\u2010day craving and consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>OPRM1<\/jats:italic> genotype moderated the association of daily adherence with reduced same\u2010day consumption (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007) and craving (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.06), with these associations being stronger for participants with the 118G variant. <jats:italic>OPRM1<\/jats:italic> genotype did not moderate changes in craving and consumption over time.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that high\u2010density assessments and person\u2010centered analytic approaches, including modeling within\u2010person variation in medication adherence, could be advantageous for pharmacogenetic studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,5]],"date-time":"2020-02-05T06:20:24Z","timestamp":1580883624000},"page":"983-991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>OPRM1<\/i> Moderates Daily Associations of Naltrexone Adherence With Alcohol Consumption: Preliminary Evidence From a Mobile Health Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5328-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian S.","family":"Hendershot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (CSH, JDW, JLK) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research (CSH, JDW) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry (CSH, JDW, JLK) University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology (CSH) University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (CSH) University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah S.","family":"Dermody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Science (SSD) Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Wardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (CSH, JDW, JLK) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Institute for Mental Health Policy Research (CSH, JDW) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry (CSH, JDW, JLK) University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5511-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Zaso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions (MJZ) University at Buffalo Buffalo New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (CSH, JDW, JLK) Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry (CSH, JDW, JLK) University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan A.","family":"Stoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute (SAS) University of Washington Seattle Washington"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"AsparouhovT Muth\u00e9nB(2007)Constructing covariates in multilevel regression. 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