{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:25:09Z","timestamp":1790360709456,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1587427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA020051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA020051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may damage the developing central nervous system of the fetus and lead to brain structural and functional deficits in the children, known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Previously, using a third trimester\u2013equivalent mouse model, ethanol (EtOH)\u2010induced behavioral deficits (including spatial learning and memory dysfunction) in the mice were detected on postnatal day (PD) 35. The hippocampal formation is critically involved in spatial learning\/memory and contains 2 major neuron populations: the pyramidal cells in the hippocampus proper and the dentate gyrus granule cells (DGGCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG). In rodents, while the pyramidal cells are almost exclusively generated prenatally, the DG granule neurons are majorly generated during the first 2\u00a0weeks postnatally, which coincides with the period of EtOH exposure in our mouse model. Therefore, in the current study the effects of EtOH exposure on the development of the DGGCs were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>C57BL\/6 mice were treated with 4\u00a0g\/kg of EtOH by intubation on PD 4 to 10 to mimic alcohol exposure to the fetus during the third trimester in humans, and the development of DGGCs was examined by immunohistochemistry and quantified on PD 35.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EtOH exposure does not affect the number of total or newly generated DGGCs, but reduces the number of mature DGGCs on PD 35 in both male and female mice. The ratio of immature DGGCs over total DGGCs was increased, and the ratio of mature DGGCs over total DGGCs was decreased by EtOH exposure. In addition, no sex\u2010dependent effects of EtOH treatment were detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data indicate that EtOH exposure in mice during PD 4 to 10 does not affect the generation\/proliferation but inhibits the differentiation of the DGGCs on PD 35.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T12:04:46Z","timestamp":1585310686000},"page":"1112-1122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Early Ethanol Exposure Inhibits the Differentiation of Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Nutritional Sciences University of Kentucky College of Medicine 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