{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T04:59:11Z","timestamp":1782968351005,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1592438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006686","name":"University of Miami","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>More women are being diagnosed with alcohol use disorder (AUD), are increasing the amount of alcohol they are drinking, and are partaking in risky drinking behaviors. Compulsive drinking which persists despite negative consequences is a hallmark of AUD. Preclinical aversion\u2010resistant models suggest that females may be more vulnerable to the rewarding effects of alcohol such that they show increased compulsivity when drinking is punished with quinine, a bitter tastant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male and female C57BL\/6J mice were trained in an operant response task on a first\u2010order fixed ratio schedule. Experiment 1 tested responding for escalating concentrations (10 to 25%) of ethanol (EtOH). Experiment 2 assessed the effects of increasing concentrations of quinine (100, 250, or 500\u00a0\u03bcM) on responding for 10% EtOH followed by a 48\u2010hour 2\u2010bottle choice quinine preference test. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of increasing concentrations of quinine (100, 250, or 500\u00a0\u03bcM) on responding for 2.5% sucrose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiment 1 revealed that females respond more than males for 15% EtOH. Experiment 2 showed that females tolerate higher concentrations of quinine in EtOH than males. Males reduced responding for 10% EtOH when adulterated with 250 or 500\u00a0\u00b5M of quinine, while females did not reduce responding at any concentration of quinine. Males and females also exhibited similar preference for quinine in a 2\u2010bottle drinking task. Experiment 3 demonstrated that both males and females reduced responding for 2.5% sucrose when quinine (100, 250, or 500\u00a0\u03bcM) was added.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Females respond more for EtOH at higher concentrations and continue to respond for 10% EtOH at all concentrations of quinine, suggesting that female mice are more motivated to respond for EtOH in an operant self\u2010administration paradigm than males. Understanding behavioral and mechanistic sex differences in responding for alcohol will allow for the advancement of treatments for women with AUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,30]],"date-time":"2020-05-30T06:04:20Z","timestamp":1590818660000},"page":"1400-1409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":93,"title":["Increased Responding for Alcohol and Resistance to Aversion in Female Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4004-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Sneddon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychology and Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia 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