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Children with PAE have higher rates of internalizing disorders, including depression and anxiety, which may be related to underlying limbic system anomalies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children aged 8 to 16 with PAE (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a041) or without PAE (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a036) underwent an magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and parents completed behavioral questionnaires about their children. Semi\u2010automated procedures (FreeSurfer) were used to derive para\u2010limbic volumes from T1\u2010weighted anatomical images.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were significant group differences (PAE vs. nonexposed controls) in the caudate, hippocampus, and the putamen; children with PAE had smaller volumes in these regions even after controlling for total intracranial volume. A trend\u2010level association was seen between caudate volume and internalizing symptoms in children with PAE; smaller caudate volumes (presumably reflecting less optimal neurodevelopment) were associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms in these children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Caudate structure may be disproportionately affected by PAE and may be associated with the later development of internalizing symptoms in those affected by PAE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T07:06:32Z","timestamp":1591859192000},"page":"1598-1608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Para\u2010limbic Structural Abnormalities Are Associated With Internalizing Symptoms in Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-087X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alyssa M.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donovan J.","family":"Roediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryon A.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Boys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Hendrickson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariah J.","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8499-9605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Mattson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Diego La Jolla California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward P.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego State University San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelvin O.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Wozniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota, Twin Cities Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"1991 Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont Burlington TM Achenbach Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201018 and the 1991 Profile"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2001.tb00179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"e231","article-title":"Canadian palpebral fissure length growth charts reflect a good fit for two school and FASD clinic\u2010based U.S. populations","volume":"18","author":"Astley SJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410340614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-005-0372-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention N. 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