{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T04:52:25Z","timestamp":1758862345659,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5P60\u2010AA03510","U\u201010\u2010AA08403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5P60\u2010AA03510","U\u201010\u2010AA08403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic, heavy alcohol use is associated with multiple health problems, including premature death. Further, the clinical presentation of alcohol dependence may differentially affect and predict the long\u2010term health consequences of affected individuals. Subtypes of alcohol dependence based upon treatment intake information can help identify homogenous groups of patients for treatment purposes, but have not been used to predict long\u2010term outcomes. The current study examined mortality in a 36\u2010year posttreatment interval among 4 subtypes of alcohol\u2010dependent patients based upon their initial intake data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Extensive baseline data were collected from <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0316 male and female patients receiving inpatient treatment for alcohol dependence between 1980 and 1982. Four alcohol dependent subtypes (Del Boca &amp; Hesselbrock, Alcohol Health Res World, 20:56, 1996) derived from the baseline data were used to examine the 1\u2010year posttreatment drinking status and the risk of death 36\u00a0years postdischarge. Public records were used to determine patient deaths in the 36\u00a0years since discharge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At the 36\u2010year follow\u2010up interval since discharge, 68.4% of the sample had died. The 4 subtypes were found to be associated with different rates of resumption of regular drinking in the first year posttreatment and a differential risk of mortality. An increased risk for returning to regular drinking (once a week or more) and early death were associated with subtypes defined, in part, by conduct problems and externalizing disorders. Regardless of subtype membership, women had the highest risk of death following treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study demonstrates the clinical usefulness of subtypes of alcohol dependence for examining different alcohol use outcomes, including predicting mortality. The increased risks for returning to regular drinking once a week or more and early death posttreatment among subtypes associated with conduct problems and externalizing disorders suggest the need for continued monitoring and possible additional intervention postdischarge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14398","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T15:01:16Z","timestamp":1595516476000},"page":"1658-1665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Subtypes of Alcohol Dependence and 36\u2010Year Mortality"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Michie N.","family":"Hesselbrock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry MC\u20102103 (MNH, VMH, GC) University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0495-8641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor M.","family":"Hesselbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry MC\u20102103 (MNH, VMH, GC) University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1257-6889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry MC\u20102103 (MNH, VMH, GC) University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Del Boca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences MC\u20106325 (FDB) University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Chartier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Work (KC) Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080007002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00595.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01150.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agh247"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"18","article-title":"Type I and Type II alcoholism: an update","volume":"20","author":"Cloninger C","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04556.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Gender and alcoholic subtypes","volume":"20","author":"Del Boca F","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(97)00130-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1992.53.161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13799"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01863.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.0360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","unstructured":"KochanekK MurphyS XuJ AriasE(2019)National vital statistics reports death: final data for 2017. 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