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challenges in early\u2010stage clinical research aimed at developing novel treatments for alcohol use disorder (AUD) is that the enrolled participants are heavy drinkers, but do not seek treatment for AUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare nontreatment seekers with alcohol dependence (AD) from 4 human laboratory studies conducted at Brown University (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0240; 65.4% male) to treatment seekers with AD from the multisite COMBINE study (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01,383; 69.1% male) across sociodemographic and alcohol\u2010related clinical variables and to evaluate whether the variables that significantly differentiate the 2 samples predict the 3 main COMBINE clinical outcomes: time to relapse, percent days abstinent (PDA), and good clinical outcome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sample characteristics were assessed by parametric and nonparametric 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Three regression models measured the association between the differing variables and the 3 main COMBINE clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The nontreatment seekers, compared to the treatment seekers, were more ethnically diverse, less educated, single, and working part\u2010time or unemployed (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2019s\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05); they met fewer DSM\u2010IV AD criteria and had significantly lower scores on alcohol\u2010related scales (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2019s\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05); they were less likely to have a father with alcohol problems (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001) and had a significantly earlier age of onset and longer duration of AD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2019s\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05); they also had significantly more total drinks, drinks per drinking day, heavy drinking days (HDD), and lower PDA in the 30\u00a0days prior to baseline (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2019s\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001 to &lt;0.05). Having more HDD in the 30\u00a0days prior to baseline predicted all of the 3 COMBINE clinical outcomes. All the other characteristics mentioned above that differed significantly between the 2 groups predicted at least 1 of the 3 COMBINE clinical outcomes, except for level of education, age of onset, and duration of AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The observed differences between groups should be considered in efforts across participant recruitment at different stages of the development of new treatments for AUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T19:32:05Z","timestamp":1601494325000},"page":"2097-2108","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Differences in Sociodemographic and Alcohol\u2010Related Clinical Characteristics Between Treatment Seekers and Nontreatment Seekers and Their Role in Predicting Outcomes in the COMBINE Study for Alcohol Use 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