{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T02:52:08Z","timestamp":1782615128413,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AA027811\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AA027811\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AA014835"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AA014835"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24AA014815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24AA014815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In animal models, it is possible to induce different alcohol\u2010related dysmorphic abnormalities based on the timing of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). Our objective was to assess whether patterns of PAE differentially predict alcohol\u2010related dysmorphic features in 415 infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed a prospective pregnancy cohort in western Ukraine enrolled between 2008 and 2014. Five distinct trajectories were previously identified to summarize PAE: (i) minimal\/no PAE (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0253), (ii) low\/moderate PAE with reduction early in gestation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a078), (iii) low\/moderate sustained PAE (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020), (iv) moderate\/high PAE with reduction early in gestation (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a045), and (v) high sustained PAE (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a019). A dysmorphology examination of body size, 3 cardinal, and 15 noncardinal dysmorphic features was performed at approximately 6 to 12\u00a0months of age. A modified dysmorphology score was created based on previously published weights. Univariate comparisons were made between each dysmorphic feature and trajectory group. Features that differed by trajectory group were assessed in multivariable analyses. Models were adjusted for maternal age, prenatal vitamin use, socioeconomic status, smoking, and child\u2019s age at dysmorphology examination, with censoring weights for losses to follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3 highest trajectories predicted total dysmorphology score, with larger effects in sustained exposure groups. Cardinal features: The 3 highest trajectories were each associated with a 2\u2010 to 3\u2010fold increased risk of having 2\u00a0+\u00a0cardinal facial features. When assessed individually, there were no consistent associations between the individual trajectories and each cardinal feature. Noncardinal features: The 3 highest trajectories were associated with increased risk of hypotelorism. Only the highest trajectory was associated with heart murmur. The highest trajectory predicted &lt;10th centile for sex and age on height, weight, and head circumference; and moderate\/high with reduction trajectory also predicted height.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While we did not observe differential results based on specific trajectories of exposure, findings support the wide range of dysmorphic features associated with PAE, particularly at high and sustained levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,9]],"date-time":"2020-08-09T17:22:11Z","timestamp":1596993731000},"page":"2045-2052","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Patterns of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Alcohol\u2010Related Dysmorphic Features"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2167-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gretchen","family":"Bandoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics (GB, KJ, WW, CC) University of California San Diego San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics (GB, KJ, WW, CC) University of California San Diego San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wladimir","family":"Wertelecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics (GB, KJ, WW, CC) University of California San Diego San Diego California"},{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (WW, LY, NZ\u2010Z, IG, LP) Rivne Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyubov","family":"Yevtushok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (WW, LY, NZ\u2010Z, IG, LP) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic Center (LY, IG, LP) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Lviv National Medical University (LY) Lviv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Zymak\u2010Zakutnya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (WW, LY, NZ\u2010Z, IG, LP) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Khmelnytsky Perinatal Center (NZ\u2010Z) Khmelnytsky Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Granovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (WW, LY, NZ\u2010Z, IG, LP) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic Center (LY, IG, LP) Rivne Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larysa","family":"Plotka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (WW, LY, NZ\u2010Z, IG, LP) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic Center (LY, IG, LP) Rivne Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4675-7722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Pediatrics (GB, KJ, WW, CC) University of California San Diego San Diego California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The CIFASD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"2004 University of Washington Publication Services Seattle S Astley Diagnostic Guide for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: The 4\u2010Digit Diagnostic Code"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2018-2399"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"BowerC ElliottE on behalf of theSteering Group(2016)Report to the Australian Government Department of Health: \u201cAustralian Guide to the diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-015-1779-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.141593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2016.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34276"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00180-009-0178-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"GenoliniC FalissardB(2016)Package \u201ckml\u201d. 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