{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:21:55Z","timestamp":1789676515392,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA025902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA025902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unhealthy alcohol use frequently co\u2010occurs with psychiatric disorders; however, little is known about the relationship between psychiatric disorders and alcohol consumption <jats:italic>levels<\/jats:italic>. Understanding varying levels of unhealthy alcohol use among individuals with a variety of psychiatric disorders in primary care would provide valuable insight for tailoring interventions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study of 2,720,231 adult primary care patients screened for unhealthy alcohol use between 2014 and 2017 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California, using electronic health record data. Alcohol consumption level was classified as no reported use, low\u2010risk use, and unhealthy use, per National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines. Unhealthy use was further differentiated into mutually exclusive groups: exceeding only daily limits, exceeding only weekly limits, or exceeding both daily and weekly limits. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine associations between 8 past\u2010year psychiatric disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa) and alcohol consumption levels, adjusting for sociodemographic and health characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the full sample [53% female, 48% White, mean (SD) age\u00a0=\u00a046 (18) years], patients with psychiatric disorders (except eating disorders), compared to those without, had lower odds of reporting low\u2010risk and unhealthy alcohol use relative to no use. Among patients who reported any alcohol use (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0861,427), patients with depression and anxiety disorder, compared to those without, had higher odds of exceeding only weekly limits and both limits; patients with bulimia nervosa were also more likely to exceed both limits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggest that patients with anxiety disorder, depression, and bulimia nervosa who drink alcohol are more likely to exceed recommended limits, increasing risk of developing more serious problems. Health systems and clinicians may wish to consider implementing more robust screening, assessment, and intervention approaches to support these vulnerable subgroups in limiting their drinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]],"date-time":"2020-11-05T15:09:58Z","timestamp":1604588998000},"page":"2536-2544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Associations Between Psychiatric Disorders and Alcohol Consumption Levels in an Adult Primary Care Population"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3256-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa A.","family":"Palzes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Research (VAP, SP, FWC, AHK\u2010S, YL, CW, TBR, SAS) Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujaya","family":"Parthasarathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Research (VAP, SP, FWC, AHK\u2010S, YL, CW, TBR, SAS) Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8191-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felicia W.","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Research (VAP, SP, FWC, AHK\u2010S, YL, CW, TBR, SAS) Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6303-7308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea H.","family":"Kline\u2010Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Research (VAP, SP, FWC, AHK\u2010S, YL, CW, TBR, SAS) Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Research (VAP, SP, FWC, AHK\u2010S, YL, CW, TBR, SAS) Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7578-8793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constance","family":"Weisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Research (VAP, SP, FWC, AHK\u2010S, YL, CW, TBR, SAS) Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry (CW) Weill Institute of Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thekla B.","family":"Ross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Research (VAP, SP, FWC, AHK\u2010S, YL, CW, TBR, SAS) Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Elson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Permanente Medical Group (JE)  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6987-8423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stacy A.","family":"Sterling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Division of Research (VAP, SP, FWC, AHK\u2010S, YL, CW, TBR, SAS) Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Oakland California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2020.1717538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2001.tb00294.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(06)70577-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7495.839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Planning and Implementing Screening and Brief Intervention for Risky Alcohol Use: A Step\u2010By\u2010Step Guide for Primary Care Practices","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(2019)About Adult BMI. 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