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This study evaluated the use of infant cardiac orienting responses (CORs), which assess neurophysiological encoding of environmental events and are sensitive to the impact of PAE, to predict later fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mother\u2013infant dyads from Ukraine were recruited during pregnancy based on the mother\u2019s use of alcohol. Participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0120) were then seen at 6 and 12\u00a0months when CORs were collected and in the preschool period when they were categorized as having (i) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), (ii) partial FAS (pFAS), (iii) alcohol\u2010related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), (iv) PAE and no diagnosis, or (v) no PAE and no diagnosis. To assess CORs, stimuli (auditory tones and pictures) were presented using a fixed\u2010trial habituation\/dishabituation paradigm. Heart rate (HR) responses were aggregated across the first 3 habituation and dishabituation trials and converted to z\u2010scores relative to the sample\u2019s mean response at each second by stimuli. <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010scores greater than 1 were then counted by condition (habituation or dishabituation) to compute a total risk index.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Significant group differences were found on total deviation scores of the CORs elicited from visual but not auditory stimuli. Those categorized as pFAS\/FAS had significantly higher total deviation scores than did those categorized as ARND or as having no alcohol\u2010related diagnosis with or without a history of PAE. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the visual response yielded an area under the curve value of 0.765 for predicting to pFAS\/FAS status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A score reflecting total deviation from typical HR during CORs elicited using visual stimuli in infancy may be useful in identifying individuals who need early intervention as a result of their PAE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T10:26:36Z","timestamp":1607163996000},"page":"386-394","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Infant Cardiac Orienting Responses Predict Later FASD in the Preschool Period"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5008-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie A.","family":"Kable","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (JAK, CDC) Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of and Pediatrics (JAK, CDC) Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire D.","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (JAK, CDC) Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of and Pediatrics (JAK, CDC) Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (KLJ, WW, ChDC) University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health (KLJ, ChDC) University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyubov","family":"Yevtushok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (LY, YK, NZ\u2010Z, ID, DA, WW) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic Center (LY, YK) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Lviv National\u00a0Medical\u00a0University (LY) Lviv Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaroslav","family":"Kulikovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (LY, YK, NZ\u2010Z, ID, DA, WW) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Rivne Regional Medical Diagnostic Center (LY, YK) Rivne Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalya","family":"Zymak\u2010Zakutnya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (LY, YK, NZ\u2010Z, ID, DA, WW) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Khmelnytsky Perinatal Center (NZ\u2010Z, ID, DA) Khmelnytsky Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iryna","family":"Dubchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (LY, YK, NZ\u2010Z, ID, DA, WW) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Khmelnytsky Perinatal Center (NZ\u2010Z, ID, DA) Khmelnytsky Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Akhmedzhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OMNI\u2010Net Ukraine Birth Defects Program (LY, YK, NZ\u2010Z, ID, DA, WW) Rivne Ukraine"},{"name":"Khmelnytsky Perinatal Center (NZ\u2010Z, ID, DA) Khmelnytsky Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wladimir","family":"Wertelecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics (KLJ, WW, ChDC) University of California San Diego La 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