{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:30:55Z","timestamp":1782408655220,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]],"date-time":"2021-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P50 AA005595"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P50 AA005595"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA015775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA015775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA022791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA022791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA023870"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA023870"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009061","name":"Thai Health Promotion Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>International drink\u2010driving policy research generally focuses on aggregate outcomes (e.g., rates of crashes, fatalities) without emphasizing secondhand alcohol\u2010related vehicular harms. In contrast, we investigate associations between drink\u2010driving policies and harms involving another driver\u2019s impairment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol\u2019s harms to others (AHTO) survey data from 12 countries (analytic <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a029,616) were linked to national alcohol policy data from the World Health Organization. We examined separately associations of two 12\u2010month driving\u2010related AHTOs (passenger with an impaired driver; vehicular crash involving someone else\u2019s drink driving) with 3 national drinking\u2010driving policies\u2014legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limits, use of random breath testing, use of sobriety checkpoints, and comprehensive penalties for drink\u2010driving (community service, detention, fines, ignition interlocks, license suspension\/revocation, mandatory alcohol treatment, vehicle impoundment, and penalty point system), plus 2 alcohol tax variables (having excise taxes and value\u2010added tax [VAT] rate). Multilevel logistic regression addressed clustering of individuals within countries and subnational regions, while adjusting for individuals\u2019 gender, age, marital status, risky drinking, and regional drinking culture (% male risky drinkers in sub\u2010national region).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Controlling for national\u2010, regional\u2010, and individual\u2010level covariates, comprehensive penalties were significantly and negatively associated with both outcomes; other vehicular policy variables were not significantly associated with either outcome. A society\u2019s VAT rate was negatively associated with riding with a drunk driver. Regional male drinking culture was positively associated with riding with an impaired driver, but was not significantly associated with being in a vehicular crash due to someone else\u2019s drinking. In both models, being male, being younger, and engaging in risky drinking oneself each were positively associated with vehicular harms due to someone else\u2019s drinking.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although results are associational and not causal, comprehensive penalties may be promising policies for mitigating driving\u2010related harms due to another drinker. Higher VAT rate might reduce riding with a drunk driver.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,5]],"date-time":"2020-12-05T10:27:43Z","timestamp":1607164063000},"page":"429-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Are Countries\u2019 Drink\u2010Driving Policies Associated With Harms Involving Another Driver\u2019s Impairment?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3108-4812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Greenfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute Alcohol Research Group Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0390-297X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Won K.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute Alcohol Research Group Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2019-0222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine J.","family":"Karriker\u2010Jaffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute Alcohol Research Group Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Libo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute Alcohol Research Group Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5618-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin","family":"Room","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (RR) La Trobe University Melbourne Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (RR) Department of Public Health Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Getting to Zero Alcohol\u2010Impaired Driving Fatalities: A Comprehensive Approach to a Persistent Problem","author":"National Acadamies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13379"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199551149.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2016.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302068"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7895\/ijadr.v5i2.218"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.01.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1985.tb02544.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph6123205"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2019.1702700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Preventing impaired driving","volume":"23","author":"Hingson RW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2011.72.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107949"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2019.80.273"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000050731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2019.80.651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(99)00063-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7895\/ijadr.253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","volume-title":"Global Information System on Alcohol and Health (GISAH)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14526","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.14526","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14526","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T12:44:27Z","timestamp":1693399467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.14526"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.14526"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.14526","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}