{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T00:20:56Z","timestamp":1789518056990,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K19727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K19727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H04249"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H04249"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K15483"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K15483"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["26461718"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["26461718"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is characterized by severe clinical impairment, considerable social burden, and high mortality and morbidity, which are due to various malformations, sepsis, and cancer. As &gt;50% of deaths from FASD occur during the first year of life, we hypothesized that there is the acceleration of biological aging in FASD. Several recent studies have established genome\u2010wide DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles as \u201cepigenetic clocks\u201d that can estimate biological aging, and FASD has been associated with differential DNAm patterns. Therefore, we tested this hypothesis using epigenetic clocks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated 5 DNAm\u2010based measures of epigenetic age (HorvathAge, HannumAge, SkinBloodAge, PhenoAge, and GrimAge) and telomere length (DNAmTL) using 4 independent publicly available DNAm datasets; 2 datasets were derived from buccal epithelium, and the other 2 datasets were derived from peripheral blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with controls, children with FASD exhibited an acceleration of GrimAge in 1 buccal and 2 blood datasets. No significant difference was found in other DNAm ages and DNAmTL. Meta\u2010analyses showed a significant acceleration of GrimAge in the blood samples but not in the buccal samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides novel evidence regarding accelerated epigenetic aging in children with FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14532","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,10]],"date-time":"2020-12-10T18:02:34Z","timestamp":1607623354000},"page":"329-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Epigenetic Clock Analysis in Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5953-5526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Psychiatry (SO, IO, YS, THo, THi, NY, IS, AH) Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikuo","family":"Otsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Psychiatry (SO, IO, YS, THo, THi, NY, IS, AH) Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Shinko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Psychiatry (SO, IO, YS, THo, THi, NY, IS, AH) Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadasu","family":"Horai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Psychiatry (SO, IO, YS, THo, THi, NY, IS, AH) Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Psychiatry (SO, IO, YS, THo, THi, NY, IS, AH) Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naruhisa","family":"Yamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Psychiatry (SO, IO, YS, THo, THi, NY, IS, AH) Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Sora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Psychiatry (SO, IO, YS, THo, THi, NY, IS, AH) Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9405-8235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akitoyo","family":"Hishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From Department of Psychiatry (SO, IO, YS, THo, THi, NY, IS, AH) Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine Kobe Japan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry (AH) Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.35672"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3246"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"e416","article-title":"Validation of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) 4\u2010Digit Diagnostic Code","volume":"20","author":"Astley SJ","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1824-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2018-0221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/neu.2015.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-015-9771-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-017-0048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17060595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-018-0004-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100859"},{"issue":"20154256","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","article-title":"Updated clinical guidelines for diagnosing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"138","author":"Hoyme HE","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-0259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2012.244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0489-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101684"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0500-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-018-0439-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2016-0163"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-015-0584-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14040"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2004.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0813-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2019.109805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-019-0072-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03599-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30021-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01345-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-016-0074-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2011.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9166-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-018-0233-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21260"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711007X255327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojped.2014.41003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WhalleyHC GibsonJ MarioniR WalkerRM ClarkeT\u2010K HowardDM AdamsMJ HallL MorrisS DearyIJ PorteousD EvansKL McIntoshAM(2017)Accelerated epigenetic ageing in major depressive disorder. bioRxiv 210666.","DOI":"10.1101\/210666"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.12.007"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14532","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.14532","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14532","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T12:44:46Z","timestamp":1693399486000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.14532"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.14532"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.14532","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}