{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T01:01:41Z","timestamp":1771549301550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AA014834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AA014834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 AA014811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AA014811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24 AA014815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AA014815"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99\/R00 AA022661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99\/R00 AA022661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are among the most prevalent causes of neurodevelopmental disorders. The diagnosis is based on assessment of prenatal alcohol exposure, specific physical features identified with a dysmorphology examination, and neurobehavioral assessment. Prompt diagnosis of affected children is necessary to provide early intervention services in a timely manner; however, the availability of diagnostic expertise is limited. We propose telemedicine (TM) as a valid and reliable mode by which the physical phenotype of FASD can be accurately assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We compared face\u2010to\u2010face (F2F) physical examinations of the 3 key facial features and the resulting physical phenotype of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and partial FAS (pFAS), as well as 12 additional physical features seen more frequently in children with FAS than in the general population in 61 individuals with 2 different TM methods. These included a Transportable Examination Station system using a precision camera and a laptop and a Zoom secure connection system (ZOOM), using a smart phone and a tablet. We measured the percentages of agreement and the Cohen\u2019s <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic> coefficient for each comparison.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Agreements for most physical features and for the physical phenotype of FAS and pFAS were in the \u201calmost perfect\u201d range with some exceptions in the \u201csubstantial\u201d range. Imprecision in measurement and subjectivity underlie lower agreement for some features, both F2F and using TM. We identified the optimal conditions for the F2F examinations in order to assure reliability using TM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>TM is a valid and reliable method for the examination of the physical features of FAS that may contribute to greater access to an early diagnosis of FASD in children prenatally exposed to alcohol and\/or with characteristic neurobehavioral deficits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,15]],"date-time":"2020-12-15T07:09:45Z","timestamp":1608016185000},"page":"409-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Use of Telemedicine for the Physical Examination of Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7910-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"del Campo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego (UCSD) La Jolla CA USA"},{"name":"Division of Genetics Rady Children\u2019s Hospital San Diego San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deanna","family":"Beach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego (UCSD) La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego (UCSD) La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Lyons","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego (UCSD) La Jolla CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.2019-0171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320260321"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/tmj.2010.0070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.06.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-4256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.33675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2015.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14721"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2013.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2015-3113"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14533","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.14533","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14533","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T12:41:44Z","timestamp":1693399304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.14533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.14533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.14533","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-09-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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