{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T04:46:14Z","timestamp":1790138774461,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA021771"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA021771"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R34DA050237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R34DA050237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate characterization of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is challenging due to inconsistent use of screening questionnaires in routine prenatal care and substantial underreporting due to stigma associated with alcohol use in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to identify self\u2010report tools that are efficient in accurately characterizing PAE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants meeting eligibility criteria for mild\u2010to\u2010moderate PAE were recruited into the University of New Mexico Ethanol, Neurodevelopment, Infant and Child Health cohort (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0121) and followed prospectively. Timeline follow\u2010back (TLFB) interviews were administered at baseline to capture alcohol use in the periconceptional period and 30\u00a0days before enrollment; reported quantity was converted to oz absolute alcohol (AA), multiplied by frequency of use and averaged across 2 TLBF calendars. The interview also included questions about timing and number of drinks at the most recent drinking episode, maximum number of drinks in a 24\u2010hour period since the last menstrual period, and number of drinks on \u201cspecial occasions\u201d (irrespective of whether these occurred within the TLFB reported period). Continuous measures of alcohol use were analyzed to yield the number of binge episodes by participants who consumed \u22654 drinks\/occasion. The proportion of women with \u22651 binge episode was also tabulated for each type of assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Average alcohol consumption was 0.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.3\u00a0oz of AA\/day (\u2248 8.4 drinks\/wk). Only 3.3% of participants reported \u22651 binge episode on the TLFB, 19.8% had \u22651 binge episode when asked about \u201cspecial occasions,\u201d and 52.1% when asked about the number of drinks the last time they drank alcohol. An even higher prevalence (89.3%) of bingeing was obtained based on the maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24\u2010hour period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported quantity of alcohol use varies greatly based on type of questions asked. Brief targeted questions about maximum number of drinks in 24\u00a0hours and total number of drinks during the most recent drinking episode provide much higher estimates of alcohol use and thus might be less affected by self\u2010reporting bias.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T18:36:06Z","timestamp":1609785366000},"page":"543-547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["You Didn\u2019t Drink During Pregnancy, Did You?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9877-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludmila N.","family":"Bakhireva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences Substace Use Research and Education (SURE) Center College of Pharmacy University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine School of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Preventive Medicine Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Leeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine School of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences Substace Use Research and Education (SURE) Center College of Pharmacy University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique E.","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences Substace Use Research and Education (SURE) Center College of Pharmacy University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9768-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra W.","family":"Jacobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences School of Medicine Wayne State University Detroit MI 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