{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:41:44Z","timestamp":1785544904678,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA025964"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA025964"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic is a worldwide crisis caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102). Many COVID\u201019 patients present with fever in the early phase, with some progressing to a hyperinflammatory phase. Ethanol (EtOH) exposure may lead to systemic inflammation. Network meta\u2010analysis was conducted to examine possible relationships between EtOH consumption and COVID\u201019 pathologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Molecules affected by EtOH exposure were identified by analysis with QIAGEN Knowledge Base. Molecules affected by COVID\u201019 were identified from studies in MEDLINE, bioRxiv, and medRxiv reporting gene expression profiles in COVID\u201019 patients, QIAGEN Coronavirus Network Explorer, and analysis of the RNA\u2010sequencing data of autopsied lungs of COVID\u201019 patients retrieved from the GEO database. Network meta\u2010analysis was then conducted on these molecules using QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010eight studies reporting significant gene expression changes in COVID\u201019 patients were identified. One RNA\u2010sequencing dataset on autopsied lungs of COVID\u201019 patients was retrieved from GEO. Our network meta\u2010analysis suggests that EtOH exposure may augment the effects of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection on hepatic fibrosis signaling pathway, cellular metabolism and homeostasis, inflammation, and neuroinflammation. EtOH may also enhance the activity of key mediators including cytokines, such as IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and TNF, and transcription factors, such as JUN and STAT, while inhibiting the activity of anti\u2010inflammatory mediators including glucocorticoid receptor. Furthermore, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, TNF, JUN, and STAT were mapped to 10 pathways predicted to associate with SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 proteins, including HMGB1, IL\u20101, and IL\u20106 signaling pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our meta\u2010analyses demonstrate that EtOH exposure may augment SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2013induced inflammation by altering the activity of key inflammatory mediators. Our findings suggest that it is  important for clinicians to caution patients about the risk of alcohol consumption, which has increased during the COVID\u201019 pandemic. The findings also call for further investigation into how alcohol exposure affects viral infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T05:25:52Z","timestamp":1613280352000},"page":"675-688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Network Meta\u2010Analysis on the Mechanisms Underlying Alcohol Augmentation of COVID\u201019 Pathologies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Wenfei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroimmune Pharmacology Seton Hall University  South Orange NJ USA"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Seton Hall University  South Orange NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Seton Hall 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