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Likewise, potential differences in single vs. repetitive mTBI in relation to alcohol use\/abuse have not been previously examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Here, we examined how a history of single (1\u00d7) or repetitive (3\u00d7) blast exposure (blast\u2010mTBI) affects ethanol (EtOH)\u2010induced behavioral and physiological outcomes using an established mouse model of blast\u2010mTBI. To investigate potential translational relevance, we also examined self\u2010report responses to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test\u2010Consumption questions (AUDIT\u2010C), a widely used measure to identify potential hazardous drinking and AUD, and used a novel unsupervised machine learning approach to investigate whether a history of blast\u2010mTBI affected drinking behaviors in Iraq\/Afghanistan Veterans.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both single and repetitive blast\u2010mTBI in mice increased the sedative properties of EtOH (with no change in tolerance or metabolism), but only repetitive blast potentiated EtOH\u2010induced locomotor stimulation and shifted EtOH intake patterns. Specifically, mice exposed to repetitive blasts showed increased consumption \u201cfront\u2010loading\u201d (e.g., a higher rate of consumption during an initial 2\u2010h acute phase of a 24\u2010h alcohol access period and decreased total daily intake) during an intermittent 2\u2010bottle choice condition. Examination of AUDIT\u2010C scores in Iraq\/Afghanistan Veterans revealed an optimal 3\u2010cluster solution: \u201clow\u201d (low intake and low frequency), \u201cfrequent\u201d (low intake and high frequency), and \u201crisky\u201d (high intake and high frequency), where Veterans with a history of blast\u2010mTBI displayed a shift in cluster assignment from \u201cfrequent\u201d to \u201crisky,\u201d as compared to Veterans who were deployed to Iraq\/Afghanistan but had no lifetime history of TBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these results offer new insight into how blast\u2010mTBI may give increase AUD risk and highlight the increased potential for adverse health risk behaviors following repetitive blast\u2010mTBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  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