{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:05:42Z","timestamp":1778933142727,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U54MH091657"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U54MH091657"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009607","name":"McDonnell Center for Systems Neuroscience","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009607","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA024466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA024466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Abnormalities of reward sensitivity and impulsivity are known to be correlated with each other and alcohol use disorder (AUD) risk, but the underlying aberrant neural circuitry involved is not clearly defined. We sought to extend the current knowledge of AUD pathophysiology by studying incentive processing in persons with AUD using functional neuroimaging data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We utilized functional MRI data from the Human Connectome Project Database obtained during performance of a number\u2010guessing incentive\u2010processing task with win, loss, and neutral feedback conditions in 78 participants with either DSM\u2010IV alcohol abuse or dependence (combined as the AUD group) and 78 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched control (CON) participants. Within a network consisting of anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), insula, ventral striatum, and dorsal striatum (DS) in the right hemisphere, we performed dynamic causal modeling analysis to test group\u2010level differences (AUD vs. CON) in effective directional connectivity (EC) as modulated by \u201cwin\u201d and \u201closs\u201d conditions. We used linear regression analyses to characterize the relations between each EC outcome and measures of cumulative alcohol exposure and impulsivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>During wins, AUD participants had lower ECs from ACC to the other four nodes, greater ECs from insula to the other four nodes, greater ECs from DLPFC to the other four nodes, and greater DS to DS self\u2010connection EC than CON participants. In the total sample, EC from the insula to the DLPFC (insula\u00a0\u2192\u00a0DLPFC) during wins was positively correlated with both impulsivity (as measured by the delay\u2010discounting task) and cumulative alcohol exposure. The DS to DS self\u2010connection EC during wins was positively correlated with impulsivity. Many of the altered ECs from the ACC and insula to other nodes were correlated with cumulative alcohol exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals with AUD have disrupted EC in both instrumentally driven and automatized corticostriatal reward circuits during non\u2010alcohol reward feedback. These results point to disrupted corticostriatal EC in both \u201ctop\u2010down\u201d and \u201cbottom\u2010up\u201d pathways among individuals with AUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T02:51:12Z","timestamp":1623552672000},"page":"1563-1577","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Altered effective connectivity of the reward network during an incentive\u2010processing task in adults with alcohol use disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert J.","family":"Arias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8856-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liangsuo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"Bjork","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Snyder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick Gerard","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Richmond VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0895-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-020-00327-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2004.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21351"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40501-017-0108-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2000.10736099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1994.55.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012470999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01331.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12242"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1390.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.3.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.6.3072"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2009.00190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033457"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"125","article-title":"Neuroplasticity in human alcoholism: studies of extended abstinence with potential treatment implications","volume":"37","author":"Fein G.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00202-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00144-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.04.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3446-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep06240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2002.77-129"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13961"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.59.103006.093548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18030357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2016.3084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.09.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21329"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2018.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2017.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2019.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fninf.2011.00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100907"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16040400"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.2001.76-235"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4153-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2016.00104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.180115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0728-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1100301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116189"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhr041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-018-00659-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-019-0548-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17101147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.031"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14650","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.14650","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14650","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T18:18:36Z","timestamp":1693333116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.14650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.14650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.14650","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}