{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:51:35Z","timestamp":1790477495264,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the first wave of COVID\u201019, many Iranians were poisoned by ingesting hand sanitizers and\/or alcoholic beverages to avoid viral infection. To assess whether the COVID\u201019 pandemic resulted in an increased prevalence of accidental hand sanitizer\/alcoholic beverage exposure in children and adolescents, we compared pediatric hospitalization rates during COVID\u201019 and the previous year. For poisoning admissions during COVID\u201019, we also evaluated the cause by age and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective data linkage study evaluated data from the Legal Medicine Organization (reporting mortalities) and hospitalization data from nine toxicology referral centers for alcohol\u2010poisoned patients (age 0 to 18\u00a0years) for the study period (February 23 to June 22, 2020) and the pre\u2010COVID\u201019 reference period (same dates in 2019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hospitalization rates due to ethanol and methanol exposure were significantly higher in 2020 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0375) than 2019 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0202; OR [95% CI] 1.9 [1.6, 2.2], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). During COVID\u201019, in patients \u226415 years, the odds of intoxication from hand sanitizers were significantly higher than from alcoholic beverages, while in 15\u2010 to 18\u2010year\u2010olds, alcoholic beverage exposure was 6.7 times more common (95% CI 2.8, 16.1, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Of 375 children\/adolescents hospitalized for alcoholic beverage and hand sanitizer exposure in 2020, six did not survive. The odds of fatal outcome were seven times higher in 15\u2010 to 18\u2010year\u2010olds (OR (95% CI) 7.0 (2.4, 20.1); <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Iranian methanol poisoning outbreak during the first wave of COVID\u201019 was associated with significantly increased hospitalization rates among children and adolescents\u2014including at least six pediatric in\u2010hospital deaths from poisoning. Public awareness needs to be raised of the risks associated with ingesting alcoholic hand sanitizers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T15:01:05Z","timestamp":1630940465000},"page":"1853-1863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["COVID\u201019 pandemic and methanol poisoning outbreak in Iranian children and adolescents: A data linkage study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6057-0302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyed Amirhosein","family":"Mahdavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine Research Center Legal Medicine Organization Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0178-3732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali\u2010Asghar","family":"Kolahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4126-3398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Akhgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Legal Medicine Research Center Legal Medicine Organization Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-7366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzad","family":"Gheshlaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Toxicology Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center School of Medicine Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3138-0224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narges","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0389-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Moshiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Toxicology Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8187-1518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neda","family":"Mohtasham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Clinical Toxicology Abuzar\u2019s Children Medical Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical 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Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel\u2010coronavirus\u20102019[Accessed 22nd April 2021]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2020b)Weekly epidemiological and operational updates September 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019). 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