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We tested whether choline supplementation ameliorates fetal growth restriction and molecular changes in the placenta associated with periconceptional ethanol exposure (PCE) in the rat.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sprague Dawley dams were given either 12.5% ethanol (PCE) or 0% ethanol (Con) in a liquid diet from 4\u00a0days prior to 4\u00a0days after conception. At day 5 of pregnancy, dams were either placed on a standard chow (1.6\u00a0g choline\/kg chow) or an intermediate chow (2.6\u00a0g choline\/kg chow). On day 10 of pregnancy, a subset of the intermediate dams were placed on a chow further supplemented with choline (7.2\u00a0g choline\/kg chow), resulting in 6\u00a0groups. Fetuses and placentas were collected on day 20 of pregnancy for analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Choline supplementation resulted in increased fetal weight at late gestation, ameliorating the deficits due to PCE. This was most pronounced in litters on a standard chow during pregnancy. Choline also increased fetal liver weight and decreased fetal brain:liver ratio, independent of alcohol exposure. Placental weight was reduced as choline levels in the chow increased, particularly in female placentas. This resulted in a greater ratio of fetal:placental weight, suggesting increased placental efficiency. Global DNA methylation in the placenta was altered in a sex\u2010specific manner by both PCE and choline. However, the increased glycogen deposition in female placentas, previously reported in this PCE model, was not prevented by choline supplementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that choline has the potential to ameliorate fetal growth restriction associated with PCE and improve placental efficiency following prenatal alcohol exposure. Our study highlights the importance of maternal nutrition in moderating the severity of adverse fetal and placental outcomes that may arise from prenatal alcohol exposure around the time of conception.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,3]],"date-time":"2021-08-03T01:52:18Z","timestamp":1627955538000},"page":"2130-2146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Maternal choline supplementation in a rat model of periconceptional alcohol exposure: Impacts on the fetus and placenta"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Steane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arree M.","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of 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