{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T12:44:56Z","timestamp":1793191496034,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite high levels of prenatal alcohol exposure in the UK, evidence on the prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is lacking. This paper reports on FASD prevalence in a small sample of children in primary school.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 2\u2010phase active case ascertainment study was conducted in 3\u00a0mainstream primary schools in Greater Manchester, UK. Schools were located in areas that ranged from relatively deprived to relatively affluent. Initial screening of children aged 8\u20139\u00a0years used prespecified criteria for elevated FASD risk (small for age; special educational needs; currently\/previously in care; significant social\/emotional\/mental health symptoms). Screen\u2010positive children were invited for detailed ascertainment of FASD using gold standard measures that included medical history, facial dysmorphology, neurological impairment, executive function, and behavioral difficulties.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 220 eligible children, 50 (23%) screened positive and 12% (26\/220) proceeded to Phase 2 assessment. Twenty had a developmental disorder, of whom 4\u00a0had FASD and 4 were assessed as possible FASD. The crude prevalence rate of FASD in these schools was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0%, 3.4%) and when including possible cases was 3.6% (2.1%, 6.3%). None of these children had previously been identified with a developmental diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FASD was found to be common in these schools and most of these children's needs had not previously been identified. A larger, more definitive study that uses a random sampling technique stratified by deprivation level to select schools is needed to make inferences regarding the population prevalence of FASD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:39:57Z","timestamp":1632962397000},"page":"2271-2281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in Greater Manchester, UK: An active case ascertainment study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Robyn","family":"McCarthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raja A. S.","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society University of Salford  Salford UK"},{"name":"Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder Service Surrey &amp; Borders Partnership NHS Foundatation Trust  Redhill UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate M.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroscience &amp; Experimental Psychology Royal Manchester Children\u2019s Hospital University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Clayton\u2010Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolution &amp; Genomic Sciences Royal Manchester Children\u2019s Hospital University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan D.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare S.","family":"Allely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6435-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Penny A.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Society University of Salford  Salford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1299682"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"e9","article-title":"Palpebral fissure length measurement: accuracy of the FAS Facial Photographic Analysis Software and inaccuracy of the ruler","volume":"22","author":"Astley S.J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.141593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Dnagenotek 2020.Oragene 500\u2010series. Genotek."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-302125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Intelligent testing with the WISC\u2010V","author":"Kaufman A.S.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyn230"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"e032407","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders from childhood to adulthood: a Swedish population\u2010based naturalistic cohort study of adoptees from Eastern Europe","volume":"9","author":"Landgren V.","year":"2019","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.21896"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph8062331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome \u2013 a summary","volume":"25","author":"May P.A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Research & Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Housing Communities and Local Government(2019).The English Indices of Deprivation.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/english\u2010indices\u2010of\u2010deprivation\u20102019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-11-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5042\/amhid.2011.0015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308575915598931"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jar.12219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"ONS(2020)Births in England and Wales: summary tables."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30021-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","unstructured":"Public Health England(2021).Public health profiles.https:\/\/fingertips.phe.org.uk\/search\/alcohol%20specific%20death"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714563792"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297049.2012.658768"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1757913920985553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0599-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2020-320435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. (2012).WHO Global Prevalence Study on FASD. WHO Research Initiative on Alcohol Health and Development WHO International Collaborative Research Project on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1027-y"}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14705","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.14705","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14705","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T02:02:14Z","timestamp":1693188134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.14705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.14705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.14705","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.05.28.21257704","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-05-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}