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Changes in the gut microbiota have also been identified in neurodevelopmental disorders including Autism Spectrum Disorder and schizophrenia. In contrast, no studies to date have investigated whether the gut microbiota is altered in individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), the neurodevelopmental disorder that results from prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE). The current study was designed to assess the impact of PAE on the fecal microbiota.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used a rodent model in which pregnant Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were provided with an EtOH\u2010containing diet or a control diet throughout gestation. Fecal samples were collected from adult male and female animals and 16s rRNA sequencing was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, PAE rats showed greater richness of bacterial species, with community structure investigations demonstrating distinct clustering by prenatal treatment. In addition, prenatal treatment and sex\u2010specific alterations were observed for many specific microbes. For example, in males, <jats:italic>Bacteroides<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>, and in females, <jats:italic>Faecalitalea<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Proteus<\/jats:italic>, differed in abundance between PAE and control rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Taken together, these results show for the first time that PAE has a long\u2010lasting and sex\u2010specific impact on the fecal microbiota. Further research is needed that considers fetal microbiota in the development of new interventions in FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T04:49:27Z","timestamp":1643690967000},"page":"542-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Evidence for long\u2010lasting alterations in the fecal microbiota following prenatal alcohol exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7301-5700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara S.","family":"Bodnar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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