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This study describes the development and preliminary effectiveness of a smartphone\u2010based, just\u2010in\u2010time adaptive intervention (JITAI) to reduce alcohol use among adults experiencing homelessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a pilot trial (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200941; mean age [SD]\u00a0=\u00a045.2 [11.5]; 19.5% women) of the Smart\u2010T Alcohol JITAI where participants completed brief ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) each day, received personalized treatment messages following each EMA, and accessed on\u2010demand intervention content for 4\u2009weeks. The prediction algorithm and treatment messages were developed based on an independent but similar sample as part of the trial. We examined three drinking outcomes: daily drinking (yes\/no), drinks per day, and heavy episodic drinking, controlling for scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) at baseline, age, and sex using quadratic growth curve models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Over the 4\u2010week period, participants showed a decline in all alcohol use outcomes. Participants also reported high levels of satisfaction with the JITAI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Use of the Smart\u2010T Alcohol JITAI was well received and provided encouraging evidence that it may reduce any drinking, drinks per day, and heavy episodic drinking among adults experiencing homelessness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T09:09:21Z","timestamp":1658567361000},"page":"1732-1741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Development and preliminary effectiveness of a smartphone\u2010based, just\u2010in\u2010time adaptive intervention for adults with alcohol misuse who are experiencing homelessness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4074-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott T.","family":"Walters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of North Texas Health Science Center  Ft. Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1820-615X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun\u2010Young","family":"Mun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of North Texas Health Science Center  Ft. Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2297-2770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengqi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of North Texas Health Science Center  Ft. Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5037-9149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin M.","family":"Luningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of North Texas Health Science Center  Ft. Worth Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5922-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily T.","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Science Center School of Public Health  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4615-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason A.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9038-2238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Businelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjinnov-2015-000096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e3180616c1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4358-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2161-1874.2013.00017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15610"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722-020-00190-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2013.821437"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.7939"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/27875"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038620"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.4.437"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","article-title":"Using mHealth to increase treatment utilization among recently incarcerated homeless adults (Link2Care): protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"7","author":"Gonzalez J.M.R.","year":"2018","journal-title":"JMIR Research Protocols"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.4642"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.7.830"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18136845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10810730.2017.1303556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000199649.19464.8f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke D.(2021a)sjPlot: data visualization for statistics in social science (version 2.8.10)[Computer Program]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"L\u00fcdecke D.(2021b)sjstats: statistical functions for regression models (version 0.18.1)[Computer Program]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.8873"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X07306749"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Ecological momentary assessment and alcohol use disorder treatment","volume":"36","author":"Morgenstern J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Alcohol Research: Current Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.43.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199807000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-019-09789-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Technology\u2010mediated just\u2010in\u2010time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) to reduce harmful substance use: a systematic review","volume":"2021","author":"Perski O.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","unstructured":"R Core Team. 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