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We leveraged a housing voucher experiment to test whether housing vouchers' effects on alcohol use differed for families of children with and without socioemotional health or socioeconomic vulnerabilities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Trial design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Moving to Opportunity (MTO) study, low\u2010income families in public housing in five US cities were randomized in 1994 to 1998 to receive one of three treatments: (1) a housing voucher redeemable in a low\u2010poverty neighborhood plus housing counseling, (2) a housing voucher without locational restriction, or (3) no voucher (control). Alcohol use was assessed 10 to 15\u2009years later (2008 to 2010) in youth ages 13 to 20, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04600, and their mothers, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03200.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using intention\u2010to\u2010treat covariate\u2010adjusted regression models, we interacted MTO treatment with baseline socioemotional health vulnerabilities, testing modifiers of treatment on alcohol use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found treatment effect modification by socioemotional factors. For youth, MTO voucher treatment, compared with controls, reduced the odds of ever drinking alcohol if youth had behavior problems (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.26, 95% CI [0.09, 0.72]) or problems at school (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.46, [0.26, 0.82]). MTO low\u2010poverty treatment (vs. controls) also reduced the number of drinks if their health required special medicine\/equipment (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.50 [0.32, 0.80]). Yet treatment effects were nonsignificant among youth without socioemotional vulnerabilities. Among mothers of children with learning problems, MTO voucher treatment (vs. controls) reduced past\u2010month drinking (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.69 [0.47, 0.99]), but was harmful otherwise (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.22 [0.99, 1.45]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>For low\u2010income adolescents with special needs\/socioemotional problems, housing vouchers protect against alcohol use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14911","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T15:03:06Z","timestamp":1663599786000},"page":"1695-1709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Housing mobility protects against alcohol use for children with socioemotional health vulnerabilities: An experimental design"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6525-8318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi 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