{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T14:04:00Z","timestamp":1751033040875,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AA019879"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AA019879"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are developmental disabilities that are estimated to occur in 2\u20135% of elementary school children and that negatively impact a child's ability to function without support. Timely diagnosis\u2010informed interventions are crucial to optimizing the developmental trajectory of children with FASD. The true prevalence of FASD among children receiving services for developmental disabilities is unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An FASD prevalence study was carried out between 2011 and 2014 among a sample of 5\u2010 to 7\u2010year\u2010old children who were receiving services provided by the California State Regional Center for Developmental Disabilities in San Diego County. Children whose parent or caregiver consented were evaluated using the Collaboration on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevalence study assessment protocol and classification criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 216 eligible caregiver\u2010child dyads, 44 completed assessments that were sufficient to obtain a classification for FASD, including fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), partial FAS, alcohol\u2010related neurodevelopmental disorder, or no fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Fifteen children were classified as meeting the criteria for an FASD. A minimum FASD prevalence rate of 69.4 per 1000 (6.9%) among all eligible children was estimated. None of the children classified as FASD were receiving services because of an FASD diagnosis, and none had previously been diagnosed with FASD. Autism was the most common qualifying diagnosis for which children classified as FASD were receiving services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 6.9% prevalence estimate among Regional Center clients was higher than the prevalence estimate of 2.3% in the same community among 5\u2010 to 7\u2010year\u2010old children in the general population, though the estimate was based on only 20% of eligible dyads. All children in the sample were receiving Regional Center services for another diagnosis. Barriers to eligibility for services for children with FASD may lead to less than optimum care for these children. Study findings support the facilitation of access to developmental services for children with FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14934","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,5]],"date-time":"2022-09-05T07:25:21Z","timestamp":1662362721000},"page":"1857-1864","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and access to regional center services in San Diego County"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9675-1260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika C.","family":"Montag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5404-5912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth Lyons","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7910-8855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"del Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5176-1593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natacha","family":"Akshoomoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3399-6644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire D.","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5008-0887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie A.","family":"Kable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John\u2010Gregorey","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4675-7722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina D.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science University of California, San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Child behavior checklist for ages 1 1\/2\u20135","year":"2000","author":"Achenbach T.M.","key":"e_1_2_9_2_1"},{"volume-title":"Manual for the ASEBA school\u2010age forms and profiles (child behavior checklist for ages 6\u201318)","year":"2001","author":"Achenbach T.","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1"},{"volume-title":"ASEBA school\u2010age forms & profiles","year":"2001","author":"Achenbach T.M.","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1"},{"issue":"44","key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"High facial specificity and positive predictive value are required to diagnose fetal alcohol syndrome when prenatal alcohol exposure is unknown","volume":"7","author":"Astley Hemingway S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advances in Pediatric Research"},{"volume-title":"The Beery\u2010Buktenica developmental test of visual\u2010motor integration (Beery VMI): administration, scoring, and teaching manual","year":"2004","author":"Beery K.","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1"},{"volume-title":"Beery VMI: the Beery\u2010Buktenica developmental test of visual\u2010motor integration","year":"2004","author":"Beery K.E.","key":"e_1_2_9_7_1"},{"volume-title":"Developmental test of visual\u2010motor integration 6th edition","year":"2010","author":"Beery K.","key":"e_1_2_9_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2009.02.003"},{"volume-title":"Bracken basic concept scale\u2013revised","year":"1998","author":"Bracken B.A.","key":"e_1_2_9_10_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"CaliforniaLaw. 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