{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:33:07Z","timestamp":1790501587602,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017534","name":"Project 333 of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017534","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010014","name":"Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019, WSN\u2010049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019, WSN\u2010049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcoholism Clin &amp;amp; Exp Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although alcohol\u2010related liver disease (ALD) is a global health threat, there are no specific effective treatments for it. Thus, efforts at preventing ALD are important and could be enhanced by using strategies based on validated risk and protective factors for the disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature on factors influencing the risk for ALD was systematically searched from PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library databases from inception to June 2022. Factors suitable for quantitative analysis were submitted to meta\u2010analysis using fixed\u2010effects and random\u2010effects models to calculate each factor's risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten cohort studies (covering 1,005,339 subjects) that reported a clear causal relationship were included in the analysis, involving 11 potential risk factors (sex, race, education level, body mass index, alcohol consumption, types of alcoholic beverage, duration of drinking, drinking frequency, smoking, coffee consumption, and tea consumption). Three of these factors (sex, alcohol consumption, and smoking) were subjected to meta\u2010analysis, and the results showed that male sex (RR\u00a0=\u00a02.84, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.86\u20134.36), alcohol consumption \u2265280\u2009g\/week (RR\u00a0=\u00a04.96, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.71\u20139.07), and smoking (RR\u00a0=\u00a02.39, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.97\u20132.89) were risk factors for ALD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many factors are likely to influence the incidence of ALD, and male sex, heavy alcohol consumption, and smoking increase the risk of ALD. The relationship between other factors and ALD risk needs further evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T05:25:36Z","timestamp":1665120336000},"page":"2128-2136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Risk factors and protective factors for alcohol\u2010related liver disease: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Ru","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongzhe","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Heqing Community Health Service Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajie","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxue","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Pudong New Area Heqing Community Health Service Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-5839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing Nanjing Medical University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319720"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2018.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.32101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2013.777469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30057-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2161-0681.1000269"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"997","article-title":"[Predictive risk factors for progression to cirrhosis in early stage alcoholic liver disease]","volume":"22","author":"Giraud V.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroent\u00e9rologie Clinique et Biologique"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","first-page":"71","article-title":"Current status of alcoholic liver disease in Japan and therapeutic strategy","volume":"51","author":"Horie Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nihon Aruk\u014dru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-02079-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-021-00923-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00530-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"188","article-title":"[Guidelines of prevention and treatment for alcoholic liver disease: a 2018 update]","volume":"26","author":"National Workshop on Fatty Liver and Alcoholic Liver Disease, Chinese Society of Hepatology, Chinese Medical Association","year":"2018","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.96.1s1.6.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.2255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7683"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13175-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21347"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Guideline for primary care of alcoholic liver disease (2019)","volume":"37","author":"Yan L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520001208"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","unstructured":"Zhe S.(2008)A cohort study of alcohol consumption and alcohol\u2010related liver injury. Master Zhejiang University."}],"container-title":["Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14951","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.14951","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.14951","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T20:41:42Z","timestamp":1692477702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.14951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.14951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.14951","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0145-6008","1530-0277"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0145-6008","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-0277","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-07-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-18","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}