{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T11:45:55Z","timestamp":1784029555785,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006686","name":"University of Miami","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F99 NS118727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F99 NS118727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R15 AA027915"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R15 AA027915"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One characteristic of alcohol use disorder is compulsive drinking or drinking despite negative consequences. When quinine is used to model such aversion\u2010resistant drinking, female rodents typically are more resistant to punishment than males. Using an operant response task where C57BL\/6J responded for ethanol mixed with quinine, we previously demonstrated that female mice tolerate higher concentrations of quinine in ethanol than males. Here, we aimed to determine whether this female vulnerability to aversion\u2010resistant drinking behavior is similarly observed with footshock punishment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male and female C57BL\/6J mice were trained to respond for 10% ethanol in an operant task on a fixed\u2010ratio three schedule. After consistent responding, mice were tested in a punishment session using either a 0.25\u2009mA or 0.35 milliamp (mA) footshock. To assess footshock sensitivity, a subset of mice underwent a flinch, jump, and vocalize test in which behavioral responses to increasing amplitudes of footshock (0.05 to 0.95\u2009mA) were assessed. In a separate cohort of mice, males and females were trained to respond for 2.5% sucrose and responses were punished using a 0.25\u2009mA footshock.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Males and females continued to respond for 10% ethanol\u00a0when paired with a 0.25\u2009mA footshock. Females alone continued to respond for ethanol when a 0.35\u2009mA footshock was delivered. Both males and females reduced responding for 2.5% sucrose when punished with a 0.25\u2009mA footshock. Footshock sensitivity in the flinch, jump, and vocalize test did not differ by sex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Females continue to respond for 10% ethanol despite a 0.35\u2009mA footshock, and this behavior is not due to differences in footshock sensitivity between males and females. These results show that female C57BL\/6J mice are generally more resistant to punishment in an operant self\u2010administration paradigm. The findings add to the literature characterizing aversion\u2010resistant alcohol\u2010drinking behaviors in females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T19:34:40Z","timestamp":1677180880000},"page":"678-686","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Greater resistance to footshock punishment in female\n                    <scp>C57BL<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>6J<\/scp>\n                    mice responding for ethanol"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4004-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Sneddon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaila A.","family":"Fennell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachi","family":"Bhati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua E.","family":"Setters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-1843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Schuh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenelle N.","family":"DeMedio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon J.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5164-0575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean C.","family":"Monroe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8736-4901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8463-7580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna K.","family":"Radke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center for Neuroscience and Behavior Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"133","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","volume":"17","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC 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