{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:19:34Z","timestamp":1790605174787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]],"date-time":"2023-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA 024103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA 024103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AA027236"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AA027236"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P60 AA07611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P60 AA07611"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Z1A AA 000466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z1A AA 000466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hatch Project number 698\u2010921"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hatch Project number 698\u2010921"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Understanding how blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) achieved after drinking are determined is critical to predicting alcohol exposure to the brain and other organs and alcohol's effects. However, predicting end\u2010organ exposures is challenging, as there is wide variation in BAC achieved after drinking a specified volume of alcohol. This variation is partly due to differences in body composition and alcohol elimination rates (AER), but there are limited data on how obesity affects AER. Here, we assess associations between obesity, fat\u2010free mass (FFM), and AER in women and examine whether bariatric surgeries, which are linked to an increased risk of alcohol misuse, affect these associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data from three studies that used similar intravenous alcohol clamping procedures to estimate AER in 143 women (21 to 64\u2009years old) with a wide range of body mass index (BMI; 18.5 to 48.4\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Body composition was measured in a subgroup using dual\u2010energy X\u2010ray absorptiometry (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200942) or Bioimpedance (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200960), and 19 of the women underwent bariatric surgery 2.1\u00a0\u00b1\u20090.3\u2009years before participation. We analyzed data using multiple linear regression analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity and older age were associated with a faster AER (BMI: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u20090.70 and age: <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u20090.61, both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001). Compared to women with normal weight, AER was 52% faster (95% Confidence Interval: 42% to 61%) in women with obesity. However, BMI lost predictive value when adding fat\u2010free mass (FFM) to the regression model. Age, FFM, and its interaction explained 72% of individual variance in AER (<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic> (4, 97)\u00a0=\u00a064.3, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u20090.001). AER was faster in women with higher FFM, particularly women in the top tertile of age. After controlling for FFM and age, bariatric surgery was not associated with differences in AER (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20090.74).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity is associated with a faster AER, but this association is mediated by an obesity\u2010related increase in FFM, particularly in older women. Previous findings of a reduced alcohol clearance following bariatric surgery compared with prior to surgery are likely explained by a reduction in FFM post\u2010surgery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:44:05Z","timestamp":1678063445000},"page":"848-855","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Fat\u2010free mass accounts for most of the variance in alcohol elimination rate in women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4231-7001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neda","family":"Seyedsadjadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2474-2183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vijay A.","family":"Ramchandani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0708-9514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin H.","family":"Plawecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann E. K.","family":"Kosobud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5427-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Blair","family":"Rowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Carle Foundation Hospital  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta Yanina","family":"Pepino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"},{"name":"Carle Illinois College of Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2017.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2020.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2012.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"830","article-title":"Comparison of D2O and EtOH dilutions in total body water measurements in humans","volume":"72","author":"Endres H.G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clinical Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Lean body mass in obesity","volume":"7","author":"Forbes G.B.","year":"1983","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2014.0639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(85)90532-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.93811372.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Larger organ size caused by obesity is a mechanism for higher cancer risk","author":"Grant H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2007.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"673","article-title":"Eating a meal increases the clearance of EtOH given by intravenous infusion","volume":"29","author":"Hahn R.G.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-018-6545-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000499607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1340"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1994.tb05709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.6147"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2002.01698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70035-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.02007.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.23.8908"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2014.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.14805"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-1593"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200342010-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2013.700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2015.1884"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04163.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"286","article-title":"Studying alcohol elimination using the alcohol clamp method","volume":"29","author":"Ramchandani V.A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol Research & Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00017.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.13267"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/81.5.1018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.3711"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2017.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-019-00824-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2013.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2022.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/33.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840090222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"315","volume-title":"Behavioral neurobiology of alcohol addiction","author":"Zimmermann U.S.","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.15047","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/acer.15047","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.15047","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/acer.15047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T12:42:48Z","timestamp":1703680968000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/acer.15047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/acer.15047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.15047","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2993-7175","2993-7175"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2993-7175","type":"print"},{"value":"2993-7175","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-25","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}