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This study examines drawing skills in this clinical group by assessing simple free\u2010form spiral drawings with indices of spectral features and structural organization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200915) and without (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924) prenatal alcohol exposure used their dominant and nondominant hands to draw a series of spirals using a wireless pen stylus that either provided concurrent visual feedback in the form of a black ink trace or left no visible ink trace of each drawing. Spirals were drawn on a sheet of paper placed on a digitizing table, which facilitated online data acquisition. The data were assessed by power spectral density function analysis and sample entropy analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In comparison to their typically developing peers, children with prenatal alcohol exposure produced spirals with a lower mean frequency and less spectral variability. Spirals in the prenatally exposed group were also lower in complexity and structural organization than in the control group. These results occurred independently of hand dominance or the availability of visual feedback.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The drawing skills of children with prenatal alcohol exposure have inherent signal characteristics that differ significantly from those produced by typically developing peers. Simple tasks requiring fine motor control may be useful in identifying individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T03:41:31Z","timestamp":1693539691000},"page":"2045-2055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spiral drawing deficits in children with prenatal alcohol exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Roger W.","family":"Simmons","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7366-325X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tenille","family":"Taggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program, Department of Psychology Stony Brook University  Stony Brook New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quentin J.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIWC Pacific  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashkan","family":"Ashrafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8499-9605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah N.","family":"Mattson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward P.","family":"Riley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Behavioral Teratology, Department of Psychology San Diego State University  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422\u2010014\u20100600\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651\u20102227.18985.tb10916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.554378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009047"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/ndt.s120514"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304(00)01592\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2018.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peds.2003.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617709090481"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2004.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2015.02045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440\u20101630.12326"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887\u2010017\u20100945\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.2013.008243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2018.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2017.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y95\u2010038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humove.2021.102907"},{"volume-title":"Statistical signal processing and modeling","year":"1996","author":"Hayes M.H.","key":"e_1_2_8_25_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1044\/0161-1461(2007\/010)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"Hollingshead A.B.(1975)Four factor index of social status. 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