{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T08:13:53Z","timestamp":1781770433027,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]],"date-time":"2023-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 AA027811"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 AA027811"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) can have adverse effects on health outcomes throughout the life course. Adults with FAS have an increased risk of chronic and infectious diseases. Although these conditions can affect reproductive health, few have described perinatal outcomes among individuals with an FAS diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed data from the Study of Mothers and Infants, an administrative birth cohort derived from California birth certificates linked with a hospital discharge database. The cohort consisted of 7.3\u2009million singleton, live births between 2005 and 2021. FAS was identified by International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes in maternal hospital discharge records. Pregnancy and birth outcomes were captured via ICD codes in maternal or infant records. We performed descriptive analyses for pregnancy and birth outcomes by maternal FAS diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 35 babies born to 30 individuals with an FAS diagnosis between 2005 and 2021 (0.5\/100,000 live births). The prevalence of births to individuals with an FAS diagnosis increased over the period. Individuals with an FAS diagnosis were more likely\u00a0to identify as non\u2010Hispanic White, or \u201cother\/multiple\u201d race, and less likely to be Hispanic than those without FAS. They were also more likely to be publicly insured and less than 18\u2009years old. Birthing individuals with FAS were also more likely to use nicotine during pregnancy and to have diagnoses of mental health disorders, epilepsy, substance use disorders, preexisting or gestational hypertension, and sexually transmitted infections or other infections complicating pregnancy. Infants of individuals with FAS were more likely to be born prematurely or small for gestational age and be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings highlight the need for improved recognition of FAS among birthing people. The results suggest that individuals with FAS would benefit from early and sustained medical care prior to pregnancy to optimize perinatal outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,11]],"date-time":"2023-12-11T04:30:02Z","timestamp":1702269002000},"page":"295-301","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Pregnancy characteristics and outcomes among birthing individuals with a diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Hannah","family":"Schellenberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Baer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2167-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gretchen","family":"Bandoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0607"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.4.552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health 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commentary: becoming FASD informed: strengthening practice and programs working with women with FASD","volume":"10","author":"Rutman D.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743717703646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"E63","article-title":"Prenatal care of women who give birth to children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder in a universal health care system: a case\u2013control study using linked administrative data","volume":"7","author":"Singal D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Open Access Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-200408000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2011.11.005"}],"container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental 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