{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:18:47Z","timestamp":1791389927912,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AA025707"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AA025707"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mutual\u2010help organizations (MHOs) are effective community\u2010based, recovery support options for individuals with alcohol and other drug use disorders (i.e., substance use disorder; SUD). Greater understanding of second\u2010wave MHOs, such as SMART Recovery, can help build on existing research that has focused primarily on 12\u2010step MHOs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, to inform scientific, practice, and policy recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a secondary analysis of the National Recovery Study, a representative sample of US adults who resolved a substance use problem (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091984). Using survey\u2010weighted estimates, we examined descriptive statistics for any lifetime, weekly lifetime, and past 90\u2010day MHO attendance; we compared rates of 12\u2010step and second\u2010wave MHO attendance over time by descriptively examining distributions for calendar year of the first meeting attended. We also used two logistic regression models to examine demographic, substance use, clinical, and recovery\u2010related correlates of weekly lifetime attendance separately for 12\u2010step (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009692) and second\u2010wave MHOs (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200932).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For any attendance, 41.4% attended a 12\u2010step MHO and 2.9% a second\u2010wave MHO; for weekly attendance, 31.9% attended a 12\u2010step MHO, and 1.7% a second\u2010wave MHO. Two\u2010thirds (64%) of initial second\u2010wave attendance occurred between 2006 and 2017 compared to 22% of initial 12\u2010step attendance during this time frame. Significant correlates of weekly 12\u2010step MHO attendance included histories of SUD treatment and arrest. Significant correlates of weekly second\u2010wave MHO attendance included Black identity (vs. White) and history of SUD medication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attendance at second\u2010wave MHOs is far less common than 12\u2010step MHOs, but appears to be on the rise. Observed correlates of second\u2010wave MHO attendance should be replicated in larger second\u2010wave MHO samples before integrating these findings into best practices. Enhanced linkages from clinical and criminal justice settings to both second\u2010wave and 12\u2010step groups may help to \u201cbroaden the base\u201d of MHOs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T21:29:15Z","timestamp":1705872555000},"page":"545-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Prevalence and correlates of 12\u2010step and second\u2010wave mutual\u2010help attendance in a nationally representative\n                    <scp>US<\/scp>\n                    sample"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2427-4738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon G.","family":"Bergman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Recovery Research Institute Massachusetts General Hospital &amp; Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Claire","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Program on Forced Migration and Health Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-3169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Zemore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group  Emeryville California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6915-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Recovery Research Institute Massachusetts General Hospital &amp; Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"About\u2014Celebrate Recovery\u00ae. 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Available from:https:\/\/www.innovatingjustice.org\/publications\/guide\u2010legal\u2010issues\u2010drug\u2010courts[Accessed 16th December 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Unweighted response rates for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011\u20102012","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2011.01485.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.6.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108960"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20100443.2006.01433.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","volume-title":"Global appraisal of individual needs: administration guide for the GAIN and related measures","author":"Dennis M.L.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2013.74.349"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20100443.2007.02050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions\u2010III (NESARC\u2010III): source and accuracy statement","author":"Grant B.F.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2132"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2021.107232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2020.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0899-3289(95)90022-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Circles of recovery: self\u2010help organizations for addictions","author":"Humphreys K.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.108213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2006.00273.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0164027503252749"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","volume-title":"TCU comprehensive intake (TCU CI)","author":"Institute of Behavioral Research","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1999.60.810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/rel0000295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012880.pub"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350902770458"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740\u20105472(03)00021\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530\u20100277.2006.00165.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07347324.2011.586280"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1556035X.2012.705646"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2014.950001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1533256X.2021.1946331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","unstructured":"Laudet A.(2013)\u201cLife in recovery\u201d: report on survey findings. 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