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Exposure to trauma may predispose women to a range of physiological and mental disorders. A woman's mental and physical health may in turn influence her probability of having a child with FASD. This study investigated the role of maternal childhood trauma and lifetime traumatic stress on prenatal alcohol consumption and on the risk of having a child with FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nested, case\u2010control study was conducted for maternal risk assessment. Study participants were mothers of first\u2010grade learners from five rural communities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa who were assessed for FASD. Face\u2010to\u2010face surveys were conducted, which included mental health and trauma assessment questionnaires.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In logistic regression analyses, higher maternal childhood trauma scores were associated with an increased likelihood of having a child diagnosed with FASD, although the increase in risk was modest (OR\u2009=\u20091.014, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015). In addition, structural equation modeling investigated relationships between maternal drinking, childhood trauma, traumatic stress, and a child's FASD diagnosis. Traumatic stress and drinking during pregnancy, but not lifetime alcohol use, were associated with maternal childhood trauma. Lifetime alcohol use influenced drinking during pregnancy, which in turn was significantly associated with having a child diagnosed on the continuum of FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>No direct influence of maternal childhood trauma on FASD diagnosis could be demonstrated. However, maternal trauma may indirectly contribute to the risk of having a child diagnosed with FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T00:53:46Z","timestamp":1714784026000},"page":"1176-1188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of childhood trauma and traumatic stress on a woman's risk of having a child with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9981-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip A.","family":"May","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg  Cape Town South Africa"},{"name":"Center on Alcohol, Substance Abuse and Addictions The University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"},{"name":"Nutrition Research Institute The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Kannapolis North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna\u2010Susan","family":"Marais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marlene","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and SAMRC Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wendy O.","family":"Kalberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Alcohol, Substance Abuse and Addictions The University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Buckley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center on Alcohol, Substance Abuse and Addictions The University of New Mexico  Albuquerque New Mexico USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Hasken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Research Institute The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Kannapolis North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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