{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T03:56:53Z","timestamp":1783051013883,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]],"date-time":"2024-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions that occur due to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE), which impacts physical, behavioral, and cognitive ability. The literature demonstrates that healthcare professionals lack knowledge and understanding of FASD, resulting in children and young people (CYP) often getting misdiagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders or the diagnosis of FASD missed, increasing their risk of experiencing secondary mental health difficulties. Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) are the commissioned service to diagnose neurodevelopmental conditions and support CYP with mental health difficulties, therefore, it is likely that CYP with probable or diagnosed FASD will present in CAMHS. There is currently no research exploring the awareness and understanding of FASD within these services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Constructivist grounded theory was utilized to explore the barriers and facilitators clinicians experience when assessing and supporting CYP with probable or diagnosed FASD within CAMHS. A sample of 12 CAMHS clinicians from an NHS Mental Health Trust situated in the Northeast of England were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed and grounded theory techniques were utilized to generate an end model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The end model was developed on a box analogy with four categories. \u2018Unable to Open the Box\u2019 captures barriers CAMHS clinicians experience when exploring FASD, \u2018Things that Help Open the Box\u2019 captures facilitators CAMHS clinicians experience when exploring FASD, \u2018Asking Others About the Box\u2019 captures systemic influences CAMHS clinicians may experience when exploring FASD, and \u2018Making the Box Easier to Open in Future\u2019 captures how we can support CAMHS clinicians moving forward to explore FASD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This model provides new insights into the barriers and facilitators CAMHS clinicians experience when assessing and supporting CYP with probable or diagnosed FASD, highlighting key clinical implications. Recommendations for future research are outlined to expand the knowledge base for this area.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T04:15:05Z","timestamp":1723608905000},"page":"1753-1763","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing and supporting children and young people with probable or diagnosed fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: The\u00a0experience of clinicians working within child and adolescent mental health services"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0107-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmin","family":"Tanfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychology Service, South Tees NHS Foundation Trust James Cook University Hospital  Middlesbrough UK"},{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law Teesside University  Teesside UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Burrows","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Law Teesside University  Teesside UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Middlemiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Single Point of Access Service Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust  Durham, Darlington UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-021-01926-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD): a beginner's guide for mental health professionals","volume":"2","author":"Brown J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e318214360b"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","volume-title":"Constructing grounded theory","author":"Charmaz K.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014\u20102171"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13668250.2016.1267718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14733"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/798843"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Grounded theory: the discovery of grounded theory","volume":"12","author":"Glaser B.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Sociology the Journal of the British Sociological Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308575915594985"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1179558119838872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb\u20102017\u20100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14705"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2022.104354"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2014.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0308575915598931"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680609900616"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","unstructured":"National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. (2022)Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Available from:https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/qs204\/chapter\/Quality\u2010statements[Accessed 11th March 2023]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2011.577113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(15)01345\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2019.103478"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"308","article-title":"A long journey: biological and non\u2010biological parents' experiences raising children with FASD","volume":"17","author":"Sanders J.L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Population Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00815.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","unstructured":"Streissguth A.P. Barr H.M. Kogan J.&Bookstein F.L.(1996)Understanding the occurrence of secondary disabilities in clients with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Final Report to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 96\u201006."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"The National Organisation for FASD. (2022)The time is now: the National Perspective on ramping up FASD service. 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