{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T11:31:10Z","timestamp":1789385470258,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007904","name":"Texas A and M University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007904","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014908","name":"Research Society on Alcohol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014908","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA021505"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA021505"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA027768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA027768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AA030293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AA030293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01AA025932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AA025932"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex condition, and it remains unclear which specific neuronal substrates mediate alcohol\u2010seeking and \u2010taking behaviors. Engram cells and their related ensembles, which encode learning and memory, may play a role in this process. We aimed to assess the precise neural substrates underlying alcohol\u2010seeking and \u2010taking behaviors and determine how they may affect one another.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using FLiCRE (Fast Light and Calcium\u2010Regulated Expression; a newly developed technique which permits the trapping of acutely activated neuronal ensembles) and operant self\u2010administration (OSA), we tagged striatal neurons activated during alcohol\u2010taking behaviors. We used FLiCRE to express an inhibitory halorhodopsin in alcohol\u2010taking neurons, permitting loss\u2010of\u2010function manipulations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found that the inhibition of OSA\u2010tagged alcohol\u2010taking neurons decreased both alcohol\u2010seeking and \u2010taking behaviors in future OSA trials. In addition, optogenetic inhibition of these OSA\u2010tagged alcohol\u2010taking neurons during extinction training facilitated the extinction of alcohol\u2010seeking behaviors. Furthermore, inhibition of these OSA\u2010tagged alcohol\u2010taking neurons suppressed the reinstatement of alcohol\u2010seeking behaviors, but, interestingly, it did not significantly suppress alcohol\u2010taking behaviors during reinstatement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that alcohol\u2010taking neurons are crucial for future alcohol\u2010seeking behaviors during extinction and reinstatement. These results may help in the development of new therapeutic approaches to enhance extinction and suppress relapse in individuals with AUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T22:29:43Z","timestamp":1722637783000},"page":"1728-1739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Optogenetic inhibition of light\u2010captured alcohol\u2010taking striatal engrams facilitates extinction and suppresses reinstatement"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Valerie","family":"Vierkant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine Texas A&amp;M University Health Science Center  Bryan Texas 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