{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:35:50Z","timestamp":1791822950428,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AA\u2010029197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AA\u2010029197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK119460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK119460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK120515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK120515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Alcohol, Clinical and Experimental Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use after liver transplant (LT) is associated with higher rates of graft loss and increased mortality; however, there are limited data evaluating predictors of return to alcohol use using biochemical markers like phosphatidylethanol (PEth).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This multicenter retrospective cohort study evaluated psychosocial predictors of return to alcohol use using PEth testing in patients transplanted for alcohol\u2010associated liver disease (ALD). The study included 223 patients at three centers who had received a LT for ALD and had at least one PEth measurement post\u2010LT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of return to alcohol use was 6.9 cases per 100 person\u2010years (26 patients total) over a median 555\u2009days of follow\u2010up after transplant. Younger age (HR 0.96; 95% CI 0.92\u20130.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), mental health comorbidities (HR 2.83; 95% CI 1.25\u20136.39, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01), and non\u2010Hispanic White race (HR 3.79; 95% CI 1.42\u201310.15, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) were associated with return to alcohol use post\u2010LT. There was no difference between post\u2010LT return to alcohol use rates or short\u2010term survival among patients with less than 6\u2009months of sobriety prior to listing compared with those with more than 6\u2009months. Patients with sustained alcohol use post\u2010LT had increased odds of history of illicit substance use (OR 5.20; 95% CI 1.01\u201326.83, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04) but no significant difference in time from the last drink to listing (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.18\u20135.80, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.97).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings emphasize the importance of mental health comorbidities rather than period of sobriety in predicting post\u2010LT return to alcohol use. Furthermore, the higher risk of return to alcohol use in non\u2010Hispanic White patients suggests a potential disparity with referral and selection of higher risk White patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T03:03:56Z","timestamp":1726023836000},"page":"2137-2144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Psychosocial predictors of return to alcohol use after liver transplant: A multicenter cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Torosian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California, San\u00a0Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bita","family":"Shahrvini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine 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