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With frequent pairings, use of one substance may become a conditioned cue for use of a second, commonly co\u2010used substance. Although this has been examined for alcohol and cannabis in laboratory conditions and with remote monitoring, no research has examined whether pharmacologically induced cross\u2010substance craving occurs in naturalistic conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a sample of 63 frequent cannabis\u2010using young adults (54% female) who completed 2\u2009weeks of ecological momentary assessment, we tested whether alcohol use was associated with stronger in\u2010the\u2010moment cannabis craving. We also examined whether sex moderated this association and whether cannabis craving was stronger at higher levels of alcohol consumption.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although alcohol use and cannabis craving were not significantly associated at the momentary level, there was evidence that this relation significantly differed by sex. Among female participants, there was a negative association between alcohol use since the last prompt and momentary cannabis craving (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.33, SE\u2009=\u20090.14, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02), while the association among male participants was positive (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.32, SE\u2009=\u20090.13, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Similarly, alcohol quantity was negatively associated with cannabis craving at the momentary level for female participants (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.10, SE\u2009=\u20090.04, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.009) but was not significantly associated for male participants (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05, SE\u2009=\u20090.04, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.18).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol may enhance cannabis craving among male individuals but reduce desire for cannabis among female individuals. This may point to differing functions of co\u2010use by sex, highlighting a need for research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this increasingly common pattern of substance use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.15461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T15:00:31Z","timestamp":1732374031000},"page":"2331-2340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Alcohol use and cannabis craving in daily life: Sex differences and associations among young adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3974-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christal N.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center Veterans Integrated Service Network 4  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolan E.","family":"Ramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5994-6894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay M.","family":"Squeglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7458-6508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn S.","family":"Gex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimee L.","family":"McRae\u2010Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Services, College of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Ralph H. 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